Dilgam ismailov

İn 1796 November death of 
Ekaterina II changed the condition. Tsar Pavel I who came to 
power commanded to leave Russians’ troops from North lands 
of Azerbaijan. This process continued till of 1797 spring. 
After left the Russian troops’ Azerbaijan Gajar began to realize 
his plans by occupying lands of Azerbaijan. In 1797 Agha Mo-
hammad khan Gajar again attacked to Susha. He occupied 
Susha city. And began to punishment in city. Javad khan Ganja, 
Huseyngulu khan Baku, Ibrahimkhalil khan his deputy assistant 
were imprisoned. Mustafa khan Shamakhi, Salim khan Shaki 
accepted his authority. Sheykali khan Quba was ready for his 

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service. Because of he promised him to allow control of Baku 
khanate. On 4 June 1797 Gajar was killed by his close men. 
After his death Iranians troops reckless went to South.
4. The social-economic condition of khanates’.
The culture of Azerbaijan. 
The economic life of khanates agriculture occupied an 
important part. Most of people lived in villages. They have 
engaged to specially agriculture, cattle,
horticulture, 
gardening and apiculture. Quba, Karabakh, Shamakhi, 
Ganja, Shaki khanates grain plants. Lankaran khanate, 
Bargushad district of Shirvan rice, Darband, Quba and Baku 
khanates grown gizilboya (golden dye) and saffron plants. 
Shaki, Shirvan, Ganja were known as sericulture centers. State 
(divan) and palace (khalise) lands called as lands of khanate.
Another form of land ownership mulk (property)-possesion-
the owner had the right to possess on the property. It didn’t 
give for service to khanate. This property they could sell 
and buy.
Tiyul-was a conditional land ownership. Tiyul gradual-
ly pass from generation to generation.
The process of 
transformation tiyul ownership is increasingly expanding.
Muslim mosques and other religious institutions belonged 
lands called vagf (private).
They were free from taxes. Also 
was available the rural community of lands.
But the result 
capture of feodals of communal lands by force its area 
gradually decreasing. The establish of khanates created 
conditions for the development of cities as centers of craft 
and trade. Even Panahabad developed as (Shusha) city. 
Tabriz was a big city as always. In Quba were woven Chichi 

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carpets and was produced in foreign markets. In Urmia was 
woven “Afshar” carpets. In Shamakhi were manufactured 
silk clothes. Shaki was a center as a producer of silk. The 
village of Lahij was famous in the field of metallurgy. In 
Lahij was prepared dagger, sword and weapons. Khanates 
set up trade relations with India, Iran Russia and Osmanli 
Empire. The monetary units were abbacy, tumen, shah and 
etc.
The main part of the higher class consisted baylar 
(lords).
T
hey had an administrative power on villagers.
In Kazakh, Shamsaddil and Borchali men who has the 
right as (bay) and manage villages called agha (Mr). Tribes-
which are engaged to migratory livestock called-elats.The 
head of elats called elbays which included feudal class. 
Elbays were carrying military obligations in front of khan. 
Among higher class clergy also played an important role. 
They were free from taxes andobligations. Among higher class 
also were maafs. Title of maaf has given by khanates. They 
were guards in khanate, also were the primary part of troops.
Khan had made them exempt from tax. Maafhood had inhe-
rited- from father to son. Villagers-were established the lower 
class of society. They are divided according to their legal and 
civil conditions as raiyet, ranjbar (farm laborer), elat and etc. 
Villagers those have not farm and soil called ranjbar. 
They worked people who belonged on the high class 
representatives’ property and a very small portion of the 
product were obtained. In the Lankaran khanate these 
kinds of villagers called eker. In Karabahk, Shamakhi and 
other khanates villagers who engaged
migratory livestock
called elat. Elat has given as a gift. Compare the condition 
of elat was better than raiyet. The main income of the 

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farmers on the one hand collected from villagers by higher 
class, another hand the main part of the army of khan 
consisted elats. Villagers were not depended legally on 
entrepreneurs, therefore in Azerbaijan were not serfdom 
relations. Khanate relied on only one power. Khan was 
rulled unlimited legislative, court and executive power. In 
Sheki, Shemakhi, Guba and Garadag around of khan was 
divan and khan council. In management system palace 
delegations’ had an important role. Among them vizier role 
was greater. In the palace of khan except vizier was 
serkereli (who engaged with financial affairs), butler (who 
managed the private farm of khan), cashier, storage agha 
and other positions had in khanates. 
The basis of financial performance were created of a
monetary system, its regulation, collection of taxes. In this 
area naib, yasavul, kandkhudas and other serkers who 
appointed by khan were played an important role. Dargas 
were engaged for picking up natural taxes. The primary