Two other components play important roles in bioinstrumentation system. The first is the
calibration signal. A signal with known frequency and amplitude is applied to the bioinstru‐
mentation system at sensor’s input. The calibration device permits the system components to
be adjusted so that it’s known that the output and input have a certain linear relationship.
Without such information, it’s impossible to convert the output of an instrument system into
a meaningful representation of the measurand.
Another important component, a control or feedback element, is not a part of all instrument
systems. These parts include pacemakers and ventilators that could stimulate the heart and
lungs. Some feedback devices collect physiological data and stimulate a response— a beat or
breath—when needed or are part of biofeedback systems in which patients are made aware of
a physiological instrument, such as blood pressure, and uses conscious control to change the
physiological response.
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