Penetration Testing with Kali Linux OffSec

pwd
/home/kali
kali@kali:~$ 
ls /
bin home lib32 media root sys vmlinuz 
boot initrd.img lib64 mnt run tmp vmlinuz.old 
dev initrd.img.old libx32 opt sbin usr 
etc
lib lost+found proc srv var 
kali@kali:~$ 
cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/usr/bin/zsh 
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin 
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin 
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin 
... 
king-phisher:x:133:141::/var/lib/king-phisher:/usr/sbin/nologin 
kali:x:1000:1000:Kali,,,:/home/kali:/usr/bin/zsh 
Listing 128 - Display content of /etc/passwd with an absolute path 
Next, let’s use relative pathing to achieve the same goal. We’ll display the contents of 
/etc/passwd
using relative paths from the home directory of the 
kali
user. To move back one 
directory, we can use ../. To move more than one directory backwards, we can combine multiple 
../
sequences. 
We can use the ls command combined with one ../ sequence to list the contents of the /home 
directory, since ../ specifies one directory back. We’ll then use two ../ sequences to list the 
contents of the root file system, which contains the etc directory. 
kali@kali:~$ 
pwd
/home/kali
kali@kali:~$ 
ls ../
kali 
kali@kali:~$ 
ls ../../
bin home lib32 media root sys vmlinuz 
boot initrd.img lib64 mnt run tmp vmlinuz.old 
dev initrd.img.old libx32 opt sbin usr 
etc
lib lost+found proc srv var 
Listing 129 - Using ../ to get to the root file system 
From this point, we can navigate as usual through the file system. We can add etc to two ../ 
sequences to list all files and directories in the absolute path /etc. In the last command, we use 
cat
to display the contents of the passwd file by combining the relative path (../../etc/passwd). 

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Penetration Testing with Kali Linux
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kali@kali:~$