4.
Port Taranaki
Port Taranaki has been a part of Taranaki’s de velopment since 1881 when a
breakwater was built to provide safe anchorage from the Tasman Sea .
Port Taranaki now offers nine fully serviced berths for a wide variety of cargoes
and vessels. The Port can handle all forms of bulk products (liqu id and dry),
containerised, break-bulk products (general, refrigerated or palletised), and has
specialist experience in the handling of heavy lift and project cargoes. All wharves
are supported by covered and open storage areas.
Port Taranaki accounts for 9.3 percent of all seaport exports by volume and 6.5
percent by value. Port Taranaki is the third largest export port by volume
2
behind
Tauranga and Lyttleton, and is the sixth largest exporter by value behind Tauranga,
Auckland, Lyttleton, Napier and Dunedin .
4.1
Background
The Port has been a key piece of infrastructure in the Taranaki Region since the 1880’s. Over the years it has
developed in its role as an enabler for industry. It is likely that the Port will remain a key piece of transport
infrastructure into the foreseeable future.
Port Taranaki was established in 1875. In 1881, work on a breakwater began to provide safe anchorage from the
Tasman Sea. Port Taranaki is now well sheltered by two breakwaters that extend from either end of a naturally
curved bay.
Since 1881, Port Taranaki has grown with the Taranaki Region and today handles large volumes of international
and coastal cargoes, principally those of the farming, engineering and oil and gas industries. Port Taranaki is also a
servicing base for sea transport and related industries and has, since the beginnings of major offshore and onshore
oil exploration in the 1960s, been a provider of related maritime, support and heavy lift services.
4.2
Regional context
To put the Port
’s impact
into context, in 2011 the Taranaki region had 47,990 FTEs, generating $6.03 billion in GDP
through 14,522 businesses.
3
The Taranaki region accounts for 2.6 percent of New Zealand’s employment, 3.1
percent of New Zealand’s GDP and 2.9 percent of New Zealand businesses.
The geographic location of the Taranaki and the nature of industry in the Region make the Port vital to the regional
economy. The Region is relatively isolated, being halfway down the West Coast of the North Island. Road and rail
infrastructure are adequate, but cannot cater for significant increases in traffic volumes.
2
Note that this does not include coastal shipping.
3
Information is obtained from the BERL Regional Database which is based on Statistics New Zealand data for the year ending
March 2011.
Final Report
12
Port Taranaki Economic Impact
November 2012
Port Taranaki is located on the Western Seaboard of the North Island. It is linked to the Central North Island food
bowl through SH3, the Marton - New Plymouth Line (MNPL), and to a number of New Zealand ports through coastal
shipping.
SH3 is one of the eight national highways in New Zealand serving the West Coast of the North Island linking to SH1
in Hamilton and SH2 in Woodville. SH3 runs through New Plymouth to Port Taranaki.
MNPL is a secondary main line railway that links the Taranaki and Manawatu-Wanganui regions that connects to
the North Island Main Trunk Railway (NIMT) at Marton. Port Taranaki is the end of the line for both SH3 and the
MNPL.
It is currently serviced by the major shipping lines and goods can be delivered through the Port to most countries in
the world. Coastal shipping services are provided by Pacifica, which calls into New Plymouth once a week. Bulk
items such as fuel and cement are also delivered via coastal shipping.
4.3
Port Taranaki throughput volumes
Port Taranaki is one of 14 major sea ports in New Zealand, which together account for 99.7 percent of New
Zealand’s exports and 99.5 percent of New Zealand imports. By value, New Zealand’s sea ports account for 83.0
percent of exports and 78.4 percent of imports. The total tonnes and value of cargo exported and imported for the
year ending 2012 is shown in Table 4.1 below.
Table 4.1. Overseas Cargo for year ended March 2012
Port Taranaki transports over 3.6 million tonnes of goods annually, with a value of over $3.1 billion dollars. By
value, it is New Zealand's fourth largest port in terms of exports. The majority of exports are in oil and gas, dairy
and meat products. These exports are in line with the most significant industries in the Taranaki Region.
Overseas Cargo
Year ended March 2012
Tonnes
$m
Tonnes
$m
Tauranga
9,660,143
13,503
3,483,817
5,196
Christchurch (Lyttelton)
4,084,458
5,415
1,492,151
3,260
Port Taranaki
2,968,798
2,760
671,643
342
Napier
2,649,431
3,627
474,405
574
Whangarei
2,614,038
716
6,045,267
6,084
Auckland
2,299,356
7,805
3,711,202
16,824
Dunedin (Port Chalmers)
1,733,070
4,257
267,513
426
Gisborne
1,709,596
262
0
0
Nelson
986,775
612
157,992
243
Wellington
1,065,554
1,022
1,190,375
2,739
Invercargill (Bluff)
950,574
1,263
1,406,216
753
Picton
495,708
57
0
0
Timaru
463,822
857
354,156
294
ALL SEAPORTS
31,905,287
42,451 19,336,634
36,940
ALL CARGO UNLOADED
32,008,202
51,125 19,432,417
47,108
Source: Statistics New Zealand Overseas Cargo Statistics
Exports
Im ports
Final Report
13
Port Taranaki Economic Impact
November 2012
Port Taranaki accounts for 9.3 percent of all seaport exports by volume and 6.5 percent by value. Port Taranaki is
the third largest export port by volume behind Tauranga and Lyttleton, and is the sixth largest exporter by value
behind Tauranga, Auckland, Lyttleton, Napier and Dunedin.
4
By volume, Port Taranaki accounts for 3.5 percent of seaport imports and less than 0.9 percent of imports by value.
Port Taranaki is the eighth largest importer by volume and the ninth largest importer by value.
Port Taranaki is predominantly an export port. The Port exports over four times more than it imports in terms of
volume and its exports are valued at more than eight times greater than its imports.
There is a wide range of cargo that goes through New Zealand ports, from general container goods, bulk cargo and
bulk liquids. Some generalisations can be drawn on the types of cargo each Port handles. The main container
ports are the Ports of Auckland and Port Tauranga.
The main ports for bulk cargo are spread throughout New Zealand depending on the places of production for
exports and the main markets for imports. Port Tauranga, Northport, CentrePort and Port Otago are major log
handling ports, while the Ports of Auckland handles vehicle imports and Port Taranaki handles oil and other bulk
liquid exports.
5
In 2011, the Port handled around 3.89 million freight tonnes of goods.
6
Over two thirds of this freight is Liquid Bulk
products related to the oil and gas industry.
Figure 4.1 shows the volumes of the major products going through Port Taranaki.
Figure 4.1. Volume of product throughput, 2011
Liquid Bulk products make up the top two products by volume. Crude oil is by far the most significant product
transported through Port Taranaki, followed by methanol. Other container goods and meat are the most significant
container goods and grain and logs are the main Dry Bulk products.
4
Note that this does not include coastal shipping.
5
The New Zealand Productivity Commission (2012). International freight transport services inquiry. Accessed from:
http://www.productivity.govt.nz/sites/default/files/FINAL percent20International percent20Freight percent20Transport
percent20Services percent20PDF percent20with percent20covers_1_0.pdf.
6
Volume data includes coastal shipping, whereas the value data in the previous section does not.
0
200 400 600 800 1,0001,2001,400 1,600
Crude Oils (LB)
Methanol (LB)
Grain (DB)
Others (CG)
Logs (DB)
Petrol / Fuel Oil (LB)
Fertilisers (DB)
LPG (LB)
Meat (CG)
Offshore Services (CG)
Butter & Cheese (CG)
Other (LB)
Cement (DB)
Milk Products (CG)
Bitumen (LB)
Coal (DB)
volume (000 tonnes)
Source: Port Taranaki
Final Report
14
Port Taranaki Economic Impact
November 2012
Liquid Bulk is generally made up of the import, export and coastal movement of fuels (crude oils, methanol, and
petrol/fuel oil) related to the energy sector. Dry Bulk products are generally related to imports to the primary sector
(grains and fertilisers), the coastal shipping of cement, and the export of logs for the forestry sector.
Figure 4.2 shows the total freight (by volume) through Port Taranaki between 2001/02 and 2010/11. Note that
throughput includes coastal shipping, which is not included in the import and export data. The figure also shows the
volume breakdown by Liquid Bulk, Dry Bulk and Container Goods.
Figure 4.2. Volumes by transport type
There has been increasing volume throughput since 2005/06, and the expectation is for volumes to continue to
increase over the next few years.
Liquid Bulk volumes make up the largest group of products through the Port and tend to drive the change in volume.
Liquid Bulk declined from 2001/02 to 2005/06. Since then, volumes have gradually increased. While growing,
rapidly since 2005/06, Liquid Bulk volumes as a share of total volume throughput have declined from 88 percent of
total port volumes in 2001/02 to 73 percent in 2010/11. There is strong upside to Liquid Bulk volumes in the future,
with greater volumes of methanol and Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) likely as a result of increased oil production and
gas supply.
Dry Bulk volumes have increased from six percent in 2001/02 to 18 percent in 2011/12. Driving this growth has
been increased volumes of fertilisers, animal feeds and log exports. Looking ahead, dry bulk is expected to grow
further with export shipments of coal to Asia expected from an arrangement with Bathurst Resources in Westport.
The volume of Container Goods has increased from six percent in 2001/02 to a high of 22 percent of export
volumes in 2006/07. Since then, however, container volumes have dropped and in 2010/11 accounted for around
nine percent of total throughput. This can also be seen in Figure 4.3 below.
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11
Vo
lu
m
e
(
'000
to
n
n
e
s)
year
liquid bulk
dry bulk
container good
Source: Port Taranaki
Final Report
15
Port Taranaki Economic Impact
November 2012
Figure 4.3. Port Taranaki container volumes
Overall container volumes have increased over the past ten years. Since 2002, container volumes increased
steadily until 2009, from 23,098 to 65,168. There was a severe drop-off in container volumes in the last two years.
Container volumes are almost half those experienced in 2009, with container volumes dropping from 65,168 in 2009
to 32,000 in 2011.
The recent decline in container
volumes stems from Fonterra’s decision to rail two
-thirds of its Whareroa plant
product to Auckland and Tauranga. The Taranaki-
based plant is Fonterra’s second biggest processing plant in New
Zealand, with raw milk being railed into Taranaki from the Haw
ke’s Bay and the Manawatu
-Whanganui regions.
7
4.4
Port Taranaki throughput values
Freight throughput is either for export out of New Zealand, import into New Zealand, or coastal trade to or from
another port in New Zealand. Figure 4.4 provides a breakdown of type of trade (imports, exports and coastal) for
the June 2011 year.
Figure 4.4. Port Taranaki trade type by volume
7
Inform
ation from Fonterra’s website
http://www.fonterra.com/wps/wcm/connect/fonterracom/fonterra.com/home/fonterra+world+map?cats=New
percent20Zealand,FlashMapContent®ion=NZ.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
C
on
ta
ine
rs
, T
EU
,
0
0
0
s
Source: Port Taranaki Annual Reports
Import
14%
Export
68%
Coastal
18%
Source: Port Taranaki
Final Report
16
Port Taranaki Economic Impact
November 2012
Around 3.89 million freight tonnes went through Port Taranaki in 2011. Exports accounted for over two-thirds of the
volume of freight through Port Taranaki. Coastal trade accounted for around 18 percent of freight volume, with
Imports accounting for the remaining 14 percent.
Export volumes were dominated by Liquid Bulk products - crude oils (56 percent) and methanol (38 percent).
Container goods were the other main export, with other container goods accounting for 2 percent of exports.
Imports were largely made up of Dry Bulk products
–
grains (64 percent), and fertilisers (22 percent). A further 6
percent of imports were petrol and fuel oil, while other Container Goods made up 6 percent of imports.
Coastal trade volume was largely the movement of logs (23 percent); LPG (14 percent); offshore services (14
percent); and petrol/fuel oil (14 percent). The other major product moved through coastal shipping was cement.
4.4.1
Export values
Table 4.2 shows the main exports by value by industry that go through Port Taranaki and the corresponding value of
total exports in New Zealand. Each commodity’s share of Port Taranaki exports and Port Taranaki’s proportion of
New Zealand exports in that industry are also shown.
Table 4.2. Exports by value, 2012
Port Taranaki exports by value amounted to around $2.5 billion in 2012.
8
The top three commodity groups (at the
two-digit NZHSC level) account for around 93.4 percent of all port exports by value. The three groups are oil and
gas (85.2 percent), dairy (7.1 percent) and meat (1.1 percent).
Port Taranaki accounts for 7.5 percent of all exports out of New Zealand by value. However, it accounts for 86
percent of all oil and gas exports by value.
4.4.2
Import values
Table 4.3 shows the top three imports by commodity type that go through Port Taranaki and by the proportion of
Port Taranaki’s imports
. The table also shows the total imports for that commodity for New Zealand, which allows
us to see the relative proportion that goes through Port Taranaki.
8
Note that export values only relate to the final port from which goods are exported. For example if dairy products were
shipped from Port Taranaki to Port of Auckland then exported from there, the export value would be captured by Auckland.
With the rationalisation of the major shipping lines in New Zealand, it is likely that the values identified for several ports will
reduce.
Exports (yr to March 2012)
Port Taranaki
% of
Region
New Zealand
% of
National
Oil and Gas industry
$2,110,784,591
85.2%
$2,446,090,275
86.3%
Dairy Industry
$176,521,797
7.1%
$13,261,613,538
1.3%
Meat Industry
$27,478,633
1.1%
$6,242,668,877
0.4%
Engineering Industry
$21,103,500
0.9%
$2,172,941,374
1.0%
Other Industries
$141,776,981
5.7%
$8,825,054,491
1.6%
Total__$398,108,289__$37,392,039,504__1.1%___Source:_Statistics_New_Zealand__Coastal_Trade_Values_(yr_to'>Total__$2,477,665,502__$32,948,368,555__7.5%'>Total
$2,477,665,502
$32,948,368,555
7.5%
Source: Statistics New Zealand
Final Report
17
Port Taranaki Economic Impact
November 2012
Table 4.3. Imports by value, 2012
Close to $400 million worth of goods were imported through Port Taranaki in 2012. The Port accounted for 1.1
percent of all merchandise imports into New Zealand.
The fertiliser and chemical industry accounted for around $113 million, or 28 percent of imports. This was followed
by the feed industry which accounted for 26 percent of all imports into Port Taranaki. The Taranaki region is one of
the largest dairy areas in New Zealand which places high demand on feed imports. Feed imports into Port Taranaki
account for 11 percent of all feed imported into New Zealand.
The engineering industry accounted for 13 percent of imports and was followed by the oil and gas industry which
accounted for a further three percent of all imports. The remaining 30 percent is spread across various other
industries.
Coastal shipping values
The export and import analysis above does not take into account the total activity through Port Taranaki. There is a
large amount of activity moving goods around the country (coastal freight). Moreover, Port Taranaki has a unique
role servicing the oil and gas industry, which has a major presence in the Region.
Coastal trade is mainly in Liquid Bulk cargo, consisting of 82 percent of LPG throughput, 75 percent of petrol/fuel oil
throughput, 9 percent of other Liquid Bulk throughput and 40 percent of crude oil throughput. All logs and cement
through the Port is 100 percent coastally shipped and also there is the servicing of the oil and gas rigs in the
Taranaki basin.
Table 4.4. Port Taranaki coastal trade key industries by value
As there is no official value of coastal trade available, we have estimated it based on coastal volumes. Liquid Bulk
items make up 35.4 percent of coastal trade. The volume of coastal trade of Liquid Bulk is 9.6 percent of the
volume of Liquid Bulk exports. The export value of oil and gas is $2.1 billion.
Im ports (yr to March 2012)
Port Taranaki
% of
Region
New Zealand
% of
National
Other Industries
$118,256,115
29.7%
$17,545,513,546
0.7%
Fertiliser and Chemical Industry
$112,548,827
28.3%
$2,615,723,843
4.3%
Feed Industry
$103,422,044
26.0%
$925,754,973
11.2%
Engineering Industry
$52,877,575
13.3%
$7,551,398,448
0.7%
Oil and Gas Industry
$11,003,728
2.8%
$8,753,648,694
0.1%
Total
$398,108,289
$37,392,039,504
1.1%
Source: Statistics New Zealand
Coastal Trade Values (yr to
March 2012)
Port Taranaki
% of
Region
Oil and Gas industry
$202,851,510
92.9%
Logging Industry
$15,399,589
7.1%
Total
$218,251,100
100.0%
Source: Statistics New Zealand
Source: Port Taranaki and BERL
Final Report
18
Port Taranaki Economic Impact
November 2012
Taking a straight proportion, we estimate that coastal trade in Liquid Bulk is worth around $203 million. A further 14
percent of coastal volume is logging. Based on the average grade domestic log price, coastal shipping of logging is
worth approximately $15.4 million.
9
A further 14 percent is in other container goods. It is not possible to estimate the value of these other container
goods as there is no breakdown of these goods.
This gives an order of magnitude of approximately $218.3 million, which is consistent with the value of exports and
imports when related to volumes and type of goods transported.
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