In order to do this you have to consider how you will order the stages and the
approach(es), activities, and materials you will use at each stage. You will have to
answer these questions:
How much time do I have? / Approximately how will I divide up the lesson into stages?
How much time will each stage take?
You also need to ask yourself:
What will be the aim of each stage? How will the stages be linked?
There are many different approaches to teaching English. However, most of these plans
tend to follow this standard lesson plan format.
1.
Warm-up
2.
Presentation
3.
Controlled practice
4.
Free practice
5.
Feedback
Warm up
Students might arrive late, tired, stressed or otherwise distracted to class. In order to get
their attention, it's best to open with a warm-up activity. The warm-up can be as simple
as telling a short story or asking students questions. The warm-up can also be a more
thought-out activity such as playing a song in the background, or drawing an elaborate
picture on the board. While it's fine to start a lesson with a simple "How are you?", it's
much better to tie your warm-up into the theme of the lesson.
Presentation
The presentation can take a variety of forms:
•
Reading selection
•
Soliciting students' knowledge about a specific point
•
Teacher centered explanation
•
Listening selection
•
Short video
•
Student presentation
The presentation should include the main "meat" of the lesson. For example: If you are
working on phrasal verbs, make the presentation by providing a short reading extract
peppered with phrasal verbs.
Controlled practice
The controlled practice section of the lesson provides students direct feedback on their
comprehension of the task at hand. Generally, controlled practice involves some type of
exercise. Remember that an exercise doesn't necessarily mean dry, rote exercises,
although these can be used as well. Controlled practice should help the student focus
on the main task and provide them with feedback - either by the teacher or other
students.
Free practice
Free practice integrates the focus structure / vocabulary / functional language into
students' overall language use. Free practice exercises often encourage students to use
the target language structures in:
•
Small group discussions
•
Written work (paragraphs and essays)
•
Longer listening comprehension practice
•
Games
The most important aspect of free practice is that students should be encouraged to
integrate language learned into larger structures. This requires more of a "stand-off"
approach to teaching. It's often useful to circulate around the room and take notes on
common mistakes. In other words, students should be allowed to make more mistakes
during this part of the lesson.
Feedback
Feedback allows students to check their understanding of the lesson's topic. Feedback
can be done quickly at the end of class by asking students questions about the target
structures. Another approach is to have students discuss the target structures in small
groups, once again giving students the chance to improve their understanding on their
own.
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