Primary Education School Life in Uzbekistan Education in Uzbekistan

Common features
Each NHS system uses General Practitioners (GPs) to provide primary healthcare and to make referrals to further services as necessary. Hospitals then provide more specialist services, including care for patients with psychiatric illnesses, as well as direct access to Accident and Emergency (A&E) departments. Community pharmacies are privately owned but have contracts with the relevant health service to supply prescription drugs.
Each public healthcare system also provides free (at the point of service) ambulance services for emergencies, when patients need the specialist transport only available from ambulance crews or when patients are not fit to travel home by public transport. These services are generally supplemented when necessary by the voluntary ambulance services (British Red Cross, St Andrews Ambulance Association and St John Ambulance). In addition, patient transport services by air are provided by the Scottish Ambulance Service in Scotland and elsewhere by county or regional air ambulance trusts (sometimes operated jointly with local police helicopter services) throughout England and Wales. In specific emergencies, emergency air transport is also provided by naval, military and air force aircraft of whatever type might be appropriate or available on each occasion, and dentists can only charge NHS patients at the set rates for each country. Patients opting to be treated privately do not receive any NHS funding for the treatment. About half of the income of dentists in England comes from work sub-contracted from the NHS, however not all dentists choose to do NHS work.
Healthcare in England
Main article: Healthcare in England
Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, a National Health Servicehospital.
Most healthcare in England is provided by the National Health Service (NHS), England's publicly funded healthcare system, which accounts for most of theDepartment of Health's budget (£110 billion in 2013-14).
Commissioning
In April 2013, under the terms of the Health and Social Care Act 2012, a huge top-down reorganisation of the NHS took place, resulting in a much more complex web of organisations to administer it. Primary care trusts (PCTs) and strategic health authorities (SHAs) were abolished, with new organisations such as clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) taking their place. CCGs now commission most of the hospital and community NHS services in the local areas for which they are responsible. Commissioning involves deciding what services a population is likely to need, and ensuring that there is provision of these services. The CCGs are overseen by NHS England, formally known as the NHS Commissioning Board which was established on 1 October 2012 as an executive non-departmental public body. NHS CB is also known as NHS England NHS England also has the responsibility for commissioning primary care services - General Practitioners, opticians and NHS dentistry, as well as some specialised hospital services. Services commissioned include general practice physician services (most of whom are private businesses working under contract to the NHS), community nursing, local clinics and mental health service. For most people, the majority of health care is delivered in a primary health care setting. Social care services are a shared responsibility with the local NHS and the local government Directors of Social Services under the guidance of the DH.
Provider trusts are NHS bodies delivering health care service. They are involved in agreeing major capital and other health care spending projects in their region. NHS trusts are care deliverers which spend money allocated to them by the Clinical commissioning groups. Hospitals, as they tend to provide more complex and specialized care, receive the lion's share of NHS funding. The hospital trusts own assets (such as hospitals and the equipment in them) purchased for the nation and held in trust for them. Secondary care (sometimes termed acute health care) can be either elective care or emergency care and providers may be in the public or private sector, though mostsecondary care happens in NHS owned facilities. There are also (as of 2009) 246 Memory clinics in the United Kingdom.