Prof Ashurova D. U., associate professor Normurodova N. Z. Course of lectures

single
 man 
in all this hotel that's half alive». «But I'm not a 
single
man»- Mr. Topper replied 
cautiously. “Oh, I don't mean that” she laugh. «And anyway, I hate 
single
men. They 
always propose marriage' 
( Th. Smith ) 
The following stylistic devices belong to lexico-syntactical: 
simile, periphrasis, antithesis, gradation, represented speech. While in lexical SD the 
stylistic effect is achieved through the interaction of lexical meanings of words and in 
syntactical SDs through the syntactical arrangement of elements, the third group of SD 

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(lexico-syntactical) is based on the both- syntactical structure and interaction of lexical 
meanings. 
Simile 
Simile is based on comparison of different objects 
e.g.
She is beautiful like a flower.
She is cunnings like a fox. 
We must distinguish simile from logical comparison. The main criterion for this 
differentiation is the fact that in simile the objects compared belong to different spheres, 
while logical comparison compare things of the same kind: 
e.g. 
She is beautiful like her mother. He is taller than his brother.
But this criterion being very important is not a decisive factor in many cases. 
Sometimes it is very difficult to determine whether the objects compared belong to one 
sphere or different spheres: 
e.g. 
Soames turned away, he had an utter disinclination/or talk like one standing 
before an open grave, watching a coffin slowly lowered 
( Galsworthy ). 
In this example Soames' feelings are compared to the feelings of another man. In 
spite of this fact it is not a logical comparison. The information included here is not of 
logical but emotional character. So the decisive factor for the differentiation of the 
logical comparison and simile is the character of the information they carry. 
Similes like all stylistic devices can be trite and genuine. Trite similes belong to 
expressive means and serve the purpose of expressiveness. From the point of view of 
the content trite similes can be classified into the following groups: 
1 .similes, describing the appearance: 
e.g. 
fair as a lily, fat as a pig, bright as a button.
2 similes, describing the features of the character: 
e.g. 
cheerful as a lark, industrious as an ant, faithful as a dog.
3. similes describing the actions: 
e.g. 
busy as a bee, fleet as a deer, slow as a tortoise. 
4. similes describing the inner state:
e.g. 
feel like a fish out of water, black as a sin, blush like a rose. 
From the point of view of the connections between the components of trite similes we 
can devide them into associated and non-associated: 
1) 
cunning as a fox, harmless as a dove 
2)
 fit as a fiddle, dead as a door-nail, right as a rain
. 
The connection between the components of similes of this group are not 
understandable. A very interesting confirmation of it is an example from Dicken's 
«Christmas Carol».
Old Maley was