K
keywords, defining for C++ library,
148
L
LCD displays
functions that can be used with,
130
overview of,
125
–126
sending messages to,
129
USB message board,
127
–129
ledPin variable,
37
LEDs (light-emitting diodes),
15
–16
less than (<) comparison operator,
44
less than or equal to (<=) comparison operator,
44
letters, data representation in Morse code translator,
75
–76
libraries, Arduino
bit manipulation functions in,
108
–110
interrupts,
112
–114
math functions,
108
overview of,
105
PROGMEM library,
116
–117
random numbers,
105
–108
shift-Out function,
112
tone function,
111
–112
libraries, C++
creating examples for library,
148
–150
creating header file for library class,
145
–146
creating implementation file for library class,
146
–147
defining keywords for,
148
example using built in,
144
writing,
144
–145
light-emitting diodes (LEDs),
15
–16
Lilypad,
11
–12
local variables,
55
–56
log, math functions in library,
108
long data type, in C language,
61
loop function
in Blink sketch example,
34
–35
defining,
33
for Ethernet shield,
137
if command and,
43
–44
for LCD shield,
129
for loops,
45
–48
for Morse code translator,
76
–80
required in all sketches,
31
while loops,
48
lowByte function,
118
LSBFIRST constant,
112
M
mac addresses, using Arduino as web server and,
134
Mac computers
creating C++ libraries and,
145
TextMate as text editor,
145
map, math functions in library,
108
math functions, in Arduino library,
108
max, math functions in library,
108
Mega,
10
member variables, C++,
143
,
146
memory
data in computer memory,
70
flash memory,
1
,
116
–117
methods, C++,
143
–144
microcontrollers
on Arduino development board,
2
–3
overview of,
1
–2
processing speed of,
35
min, math functions in library,
108
minus (−) operator,
42
Morse code
history of,
68
SOS example using arrays,
71
–72
Morse code translator
data representation,
75
–76
flashDotOrDash function,
81
flashSequence function,
80
global variables and setup function for,
76
loop function for,
76
–80
overview of,
74
–75
storing constants used in,
115
–116
testing in Serial Monitor,
81
–83
Motor shield,
7
MSBFIRST constant,
112
multimeter, measuring outputs with,
85
–87,
100
–102
multiplication operator (*),
42
N
naming conventions, for variables,
146
Nano,
10
–11
noAutoscroll function, LCD library,
130
noBlink function, LCD library,
130
noCursor function, LCD library,
130
noDisplay function, LCD library,
130
noInterrupts function,
114
not equal to (!=) comparison operator,
44
numbers, data representation in Morse code translator,
75
–76
numeric variables,
40
–42
O
object orientation, in C++,
143
objects, creating,
146
operators,
59
–61
arithmetic,
42
assignment (=),
40
bit shift (<<),
119
comparison,
44
or (||) operator,
60
output.
See
I/O (input/output)
P
pageNameIs function,
142
paragraph tags, HTML,
133
,
137
parameters
adding to functions,
53
–54
global variables and,
54
–55
syntax of programming languages,
28
PCB (printed circuit board),
3
pgm_read_word function,
116
physical computing, Arduino described as,
1
pinMode function
for configuring pin electronics,
87
–88
setup function calling,
34
–35
pins
controlling LCD display,
125
I/O pins on microcontroller,
1
–2
interrupts attached to,
113
LCD shield pin assignments,
128
passing pin settings over the network,
137
–142
shift-Out function feeding shift registers,
112
pinState arrays,
141
–142
plus (+), as addition operator,
42
posting data, HTTP and,
137
pow, math functions in library,
108
power connections,
4
power supply
on Arduino board,
4
required by Ethernet shield,
132
powering up Arduino boards,
15
–16
print function, LCD library,
127
printed circuit board (PCB),
3
private methods, C++,
144
Processing library,
105
PROGMEM directive
compressing data and,
121
storing data in flash memory,
116
–117
programming by intention,
77
programming languages
C++ language.
See
C++ language
C language.
See
C language
syntax of,
28
–29
translating code to board,
29
–30
vocabulary of,
27
programs.
See
sketches
pseudo-random numbers,
106
public methods, C++,
144
pull-up resistors
enabling internal,
93
–94
overview of,
90
–93
simulation of interrupt using,
113
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM),
100
–102
punctuation, syntax of programming languages,
28
push buttons, debouncing,
94
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation),
100
–102
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