vii
4
Experimental details ............................................................................. 23
4.1.
Overview of radiation damage methods ............................................ 23
4.1.1.
SRIM simulations ..................................................................... 23
4.1.2.
Sample preparation ................................................................... 25
4.1.3.
Proton irradiation at iThemba LABS Gauteng ........................... 28
4.1.4.
Calculation of dose ................................................................... 30
4.2.
Overview of the techniques used to analyse damage ......................... 31
4.2.1.
Light Transmission spectroscopy .............................................. 31
4.2.2.
Light yield testing in response to
90
Sr ....................................... 32
4.2.3.
Fluorescence spectroscopy ........................................................ 33
4.2.4.
Raman Spectroscopy ................................................................. 35
5
Results and analysis .............................................................................. 36
5.1.
Observations ................................................................................... 36
5.2.
Results of the light transmission ...................................................... 37
5.2.1.
Features in the transmission spectra .......................................... 37
5.2.2.
Comparison of light transmission loss ....................................... 39
5.3.
Results of the light yield studies ...................................................... 42
5.4.
Results of the fluorescence studies ................................................... 47
5.4.1.
Fluorescence peak features ....................................................... 47
5.4.2.
Photo-bleaching vs time correlation .......................................... 48
5.4.3.
Comparison of fluorescence results ........................................... 50
5.5.
Results of Raman spectroscopy ........................................................ 52
5.5.1.
Structural damage as a function of dose .................................... 54
5.5.2.
Healing of structural damage .................................................... 56
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