Qrup: m 198 Müəllim : Əliyeva Xəyalə

Tələbə: Zeynalova Fidan

Fakültə: Turizm

İxtisas: Turist mehmanxana təsərrüfatının təşkili və idarə olunması

Qrup: M 198

Müəllim : Əliyeva Xəyalə

Fənn: İngilis dili

Mövzu: Holidays

Bakı: 2021

8 March

International Women's Day (IWD) is a global holiday celebrated annually on March 8 to commemorate the cultural, political, and socioeconomic achievements of women. It is also a focal point in the women's rights movement, bringing attention to issues such as gender equality, reproductive rights, and violence and abuse against women.

IWD originated from labor movements in North America and Europe during the early 20th century. The earliest version was purportedly a "Women's Day" organized by the Socialist Party of America in New York City February 28, 1909. This inspired German delegates at the 1910 International Socialist Woman's Conference to propose "a special Women's Day" be organized annually, albeit with no set date; the following year saw the first demonstrations and commemorations of International Women's Day across Europe. After women gained suffrage in Soviet Russia in 1917 (the beginning of the February Revolution), IWD was made a national holiday on March 8; it was subsequently celebrated on that date by the socialist movement and communist countries. The holiday was associated with far-left movements and governments until its adoption by the global feminist movement in the late 1960s. IWD became a mainstream global holiday following its adoption by the United Nations in 1977.

International Women's Day is commemorated in a variety of ways worldwide; it is a public holiday in several countries, and observed socially or locally in others. The UN observes the holiday in connection with a particular issue, campaign, or theme in women's rights.In some parts of the world, IWD still reflects its political origins, being marked by protests and calls for radical change; in other areas, particularly in the West, it is largely sociocultural and centered on a celebration of womanhood.

New Year's Day

New Year's Day is a festival observed in most of the world on 1 January, the first day of the year in the modern Gregorian calendar. 1 January is also New Year's Day on the Julian calendar but this is not the same day as the Gregorian one. Whilst most solar calendars (like the Gregorian and Julian) begin the year regularly at or near the northern winter solstice, cultures that observe a lunisolar or lunar calendar celebrate their New Year's Day (such as the Chinese New Year and the Islamic New Year) at less fixed points relative to the solar year.

In pre-Christian Rome under the Julian calendar, the day was dedicated to Janus, god of gateways and beginnings, for whom January is also named. From Roman times until the middle of the eighteenth century, the new year was celebrated at various stages and in various parts of Christian Europe on 25 December, on 1 March, on 25 March and on the movable feast of Easter.

In the present day, with most countries now using the Gregorian calendar as their civil calendar, 1 January according to that calendar is among the most celebrated public holidays in the world, often observed with fireworks at the stroke of midnight as the new year starts in each time zone. Other global New Year's Day traditions include making New Year's resolutions and calling one's friends and family.

Halloween

Although your country may not celebrate Halloween, cultures all around the world have tons of similar holidays that take place in the fall. The reason why is because humans have always been fascinated by death. Some holidays are spooky, lighthearted, heartfelt, or even a combination of the three.

If you live in America, Halloween is a crazy day where people dress up in costumes, binge on candy, and party like there’s no tomorrow. The best Halloween parties are filled with creepy decorations, spooky music, frightening food and drinks, and strange games. This holiday is exciting for kids and adults alike because it’s a chance to become someone or something else and let loose. At night, you’ll find many streets flooded with kids traveling from house to house as they hunt for the best treats in town.

If you travel to Mexico on October 31st, you’ll get to experience Día de Los Muertos, which means Day of the Dead. Despite the name, this holiday is actually an important festival that lasts for three days. Mexicans believe that the souls of the dead return during this brief timeframe, so lots of food and gifts are left out as offerings.

Catholics all around the world celebrate All Saints’ Day and All Soul’s Day, which are two consecutive days to honor the deceased. Graves are decorated with flowers, people go to church to pray, and many light candles in their windows.

Japanese people have also fallen in love with western Halloween traditions because each year they throw a Kawasaki Halloween Parade. During this event, more than 4,000 people take over the streets dressed in impressive costumes. This event is so popular that you have to apply two months in advance if you want to join the parade.

The Victory Day (Azerbaijani: Zəfər Günü) is a public holiday in Azerbaijan that is celebrated on 8 November, in commemoration of Azerbaijan being the victor in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, officially labelled as The Patriotic War. Established by the decree of the President of Azerbaijan, dated 2 December 2020, the holiday is celebrated on the day of the capture of Shusha. It is a non-working holiday. On 27 September 2020, clashes broke out in the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region, which is de facto controlled by the self-proclaimed and unrecognized Republic of Artsakh, but de jure part of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijani forces first advanced in Fuzuli and Jabrayil districts, taking their respective administrative centres. From there, they proceeded towards Hadrut. Azerbaijani troops began to advance more intensively after the fall of Hadrut around 15 October, and Armenians began to retreat, with Azerbaijanis then taking control of Zangilan and Qubadli. Launching an offensive for Lachin, they also penetrated into Shusha District through its forests and mountain passes.

Following the capture of Shusha, the second-largest settlement in Nagorno-Karabakh, a ceasefire agreement was signed between the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, the Prime Minister of Armenia, Nikol Pashinyan, and the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, ending all hostilities in the area from 00:00, 10 November 2020 Moscow Time. Under the agreement, the warring sides will keep control of their currently held areas within Nagorno-Karabakh, while Armenia will return the surrounding territories it occupied in 1994 to Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan will also gain land access to its Nakhchivan exclave bordering Turkey and Iran. Approximately 2,000 Russian soldiers will be deployed as peacekeeping forces along the Lachin corridor between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh for a mandate of at least five years. On 2 December 2020, the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, signed a decree on the establishment of Victory Day as a public holiday in Azerbaijan. The day of the signing of the ceasefire agreement ending the war, and its entry into force by Azerbaijan Time, 10 November, was to be celebrated in Azerbaijan as the Victory Day. The next day, this order was cancelled. The holiday's celebration date was changed to 8 November, the day the Azerbaijani forces seized control Shusha, as the previous date overlapped with Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's Memorial Day in Turkey. On 8 December, It was announced that a new station of the Baku Metro's Purple Line (B3) will be named "November 8" at the suggestion of Aliyev.