A nursing innovation was funded by the Ministry of Health 2005 to 2007 to implement models of nursing service delivery with care pathways for risk reduction of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. It was based on national guidelines and incorporated quality assurance, audit and nurse leadership. Findings suggested the need for strong leadership, commitment, and collaboration through teamwork and the authors clarify the competencies required by primary health care nurses working in CVD risk assessment and management (https://www.rnzcgp.org.nz/assets/documents/Publications/Archive-NZFP/June-2008-NZFP-Vol-35-No-3/HorsburghNURSINGJune08.pdf).