Questions 1-10 Complete the table below. Write one word and / or a number

LISTENING PART 4
You will hear a student giving a presentation about the challenges of living 
in space. 
Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
Student:
Hello everyone. So I’d like to tell you about some of the 
challenges of living in space. We’ll start with the International Space 
Station – or ISS, as it’s oft en called. The ISS has been in space – in orbit 
around the Earth - since 1998. Over 200 astronauts have lived on board 
– and one of the biggest challenges for them is living in microgravity. 
So what happens when you’re living in microgravity 24 hours a day for 
months? For a start, it aff ects your blood circulation. On Earth, your 
blood would naturally be pulled towards your feet, but in space, it goes 
to your head. And we’ll talk a bit more about the consequences of that 
later. But it also goes to your chest – and that’s why astronauts have to be 
careful about their blood pressure. Microgravity also aff ects the minerals 
stored inside your body. Over time, for example the amount of calcium 
inside your bones begins to decrease, so the bones become weaker. Yes, 
it’s not much fun living in space. The astronauts have to maintain a very 
strict exercise programme – they do 2.5 hours of exercise six days a week. 
If they don’t, what happens is that their muscle begins to waste. Some 
of it also turns into fat. And one final problem that some astronauts 
experience –they find that when they get back to Earth, they can’t see 
clearly. Scientists aren’t exactly sure why this happens, but it seems that 
the astronauts’ vision can be permanently aff ected.
Another challenge with living in the ISS is – you have to take everything 
you need with you. So space agencies like NASA are constantly improving 
the way they recycle things. Water, of course, is a vital resource, 
and every little bit counts. That means that even the sweat that the 
astronauts produce is recycled. I know that doesn’t sound very nice – but 
NASA says their water is purer than anything you’d drink on Earth. 
Now listen and answer questions 36 to 40.
Student:
So what’s next? Humans are already living in space – in the 
space station – but now the goal is to live on the moon or Mars. For 
this, we need to make buildings, and the challenges for engineers 
and architects are even harder. It’s incredibly expensive to transport 
materials into space, so they need to be as light as possible. The 
alternative is to use materials which already exist on the moon or Mars – 
and this does seem to be the sensible way forward. So to make buildings 
on the moon, for example, we could use rock, and the moon also has 
plenty of useful minerals. These can be made into metal, into brick….
and some engineers are also suggesting they could produce paint. So 
it seems everything we need for a basic building might already be on 
the moon. Actually there’s one thing that NASA hasn’t managed yet, 
and that’s to increase the size of the windows on the ISS. They’re very 
small – and if people were going to live in buildings on the moon, this is 
something NASA still has to work on. 
So, even if we manage to create a network of buildings for people to live 
in on the moon or Mars – and grow food, and be self-suff icient – they 
would still need mental stimulation, and opportunities to relax and stay 
in touch with what was happening back on Earth. Virtual reality could 
be the answer. Imagine you’re living on the moon but you could use 
virtual reality to walk around a museum and see all the exhibits. That 
would be incredible. And by using virtual reality, you could continue your 
education, by say, studying for a qualification that might be useful in 
your current environment, or once you’re back on Earth. Now Mars is a 
diff erent… 
Q25 
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Q40 
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IELTS Trainer 2
Tests 1–6 audioscripts © Cambridge University Press and UCLES 2019
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