22 The correct answer is ‘insects’: In Section C, the text refers to reindeer congregating on
the mountains of Oppland in summer ‘to escape biting insects’. This means that they went
up to the mountains to avoid being attacked by the insects.
‘Reindeer’ is incorrect: The
text says that the reindeer were trying to avoid the insects, not that the insects were trying to
avoid the reindeer.
‘Hunters’ is incorrect: The text does not say that the reindeer were trying
to avoid hunters.
23 and 24 The correct answers are B and C: In Section F, the text says, ‘But it turned out that
hunters kept regularly venturing into the mountains even when the climate turned cold’: this has
the same meaning as statement B. In Section E, the text refers to some periods which produced
lots of artefacts, indicating that people were active at those times and then says, ‘But there were
few or no signs of activity during other periods’: this means that there were few or no artefacts in
these other periods.
A is incorrect: In Section D, the text mentions tools and horse tack (horse equipment) as
examples of artefacts other than skis which were found in high mountain passes.
D is incorrect: Radiocarbon dating is mentioned in Section E, but the text does not say anything about results
being inaccurate.
E is incorrect: The text does not compare the number of artefacts found in
Oppland with those found in other sites.
25 and 26 The correct answers are A and C: In Section G, the text refers to ‘a booming
demand for hides to fight off the cold, as well as antlers to make useful things like combs.
Business must have been good for hunters.’ The phrase ‘a booming demand’ has the same
meaning as an increased demand. This section also says, ‘Although we usually think of ships
when we think of Scandinavian expansion, these recent discoveries show that plenty of goods
travelled on overland routes, like the mountain passes of Oppland.’ This means that not all
Viking goods were transported by ship: some were transported by land.
