18
D)the former are made by acts of Parliament, the latter, by the courts
Read the text. Then choose the correct answer to questions 30-32.
The term 'castle' is most commonly applied to the fortresses belonging to European kings or
important nobles during the Middle Ages. The first of this type were built by the Normans in
France, during the eleventh century. They were constructed of wood and consisted simply of a
tower built on a mound and stood in a courtyard, which was surrounded by a fence and a ditch.
By the twelfth century, the wooden tower had given way to a
stone one, containing living
accommodation for the whole household, centred on the Great hall, and surrounded by a strong
wall. As new methods of
attack developed, the outer fortifications became more elaborate in
order to withstand them.
30. We can conclude from the passage that…………. .
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