(excerpt from the opening of an untitled essay)
John Steinbeck’s
Grapes of Wrath, published in 1939, was followed ten years later by A.B. Guthrie’s
The Way West.
Both books chronicle a migration, though that of Guthrie’s pioneers is considerably less bleak in origin. What
strikes
one at first glance, however, are the commonalities. Both Steinbeck’s and Guthrie’s characters are pri-
marily farmers. They look to their destinations with nearly religious enthusiasm, imagining their “promised”
land the way the Biblical Israelites envisioned Canaan. Both undergo great hardship to make the trek. But the
two sagas differ distinctly in origin. Steinbeck’s Oklahomans are forced off their land by the banks who own
their mortgages, and they follow a false promise—that jobs await them as seasonal laborers in California.
Guthrie’s farmers
willingly remove themselves, selling their land and trading their old dreams for their new hope
in Oregon. The pioneers’ decision to leave their farms in Missouri and the East is frivolous and ill-founded in
comparison with the Oklahomans’ unwilling response to displacement. Yet, it is they, the pioneers, whom our
history books declare the heroes.
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