a. rash opinion with little observation behind it.
b. deeply held emotional convictions.
c. fact derived from scientific literature.
d. inconclusive evidence gathered in field studies.
39. What does the word “arid” accomplish in the
first sentence of the second paragraph?
a. It provides a sense of the generally high alti-
tude of the West.
b. It signifies a change in subject from the
Eastern United States to the West.
c. It clarifies the author’s purpose to discuss
nonurban areas.
d. It clarifies the reason that trees and shrubs are
found only in riparian areas.
– P R E T E S T – 1 4 (excerpt from “First,” a short story) First, you ought to know that I’m “only” fourteen. My mother points this out frequently. I can make decisions
for myself when I’m old enough to vote, she says. Second, I should tell you that she’s right—I’m not always
responsible. I sometimes take the prize for a grade-A dork. Last weekend, for instance, when I was staying at
Dad’s, I decided it was time I learned to drive. It was Sunday morning, 7 a.m. to be exact, and I hadn’t slept
well thinking about this argument I’ll be telling you about in a minute. Nobody was up yet in the neighbor-
hood, and I thought there would be no harm in backing the car out of the garage and cruising around the block.
But Dad has a clutch car, and the “R” on the shift handle was up on the left side, awful close to first gear, and I
guess you can guess the rest.
Dad’s always been understanding. He didn’t say, like Mom would, “Okay, little Miss Know-It-All, you can
just spend the rest of the year paying this off.” He worried about what might have happened to me—to me, you
see, and that made me feel more guilty than anything. Overall, I just think he’d be a better number-one care-
giver, if you get my drift. Of course I can’t say things like that to Mom.
To her, I have to say, “But Mom, Dad’s place is closer to school. I could ride my bike.”
She replies, “Jennifer Lynn, you don’t own a bike, because you left it in the yard and it was stolen, and you
haven’t got the perseverance it takes to do a little work and earn the money to replace it.”
