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bank’s customers’ deposits. The banker always remembers that
the money he lends is not his bank’s own money. It is money
deposited by the bank’s customers, whether in a demand or
time account. This idea limits the risk that a commercial banker
will take.
To evaluate the risk, a banker must first obtain certain basic
information about the potential borrower: how much money the
borrower needs, the purpose and the term of the loan, and how the
borrower will repay the loan. The banker evaluates the three C’s
of credit: character, capacity and capital – the integrity of the
borrower, his ability to repay, and the soundness of his financial
position.
The integrity of the borrower is determined by previous
loans and by his standing with other banks. Every where in the
world banks exchange credit information with each other.
The borrower’s ability to repay depends on the purpose of
the loan.
The financial position of the borrower is determined on
the basis of his financial statement. This consists of a detailed
balance sheet and a profit and loss statement. The bank
demands an audited financial statement covering the previous
three years.
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