Sat math Essentials

parallel lines
two lines in a plane that do not intersect
parallelogram
a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides
percent
a ratio that compares a number to 100. 45% is equal to 
1
4
0
5
0
.
perfect square
a whole number whose square root is also a whole number
perimeter
the distance around a figure
permutation
the arrangement of a group of items in a specific order
perpendicular lines
lines that intersect to form right angles
polygon
a closed figure with three or more sides
polynomial
a monomial or the sum or difference of two or more monomials
positive number
a number greater than zero
prime factorization
the process of breaking down factors into prime numbers
prime number
a number that has only 1 and itself as factors
probability
the likelihood that a specific event will occur
product
the result of multiplying two or more factors
proper fraction
a fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator. A fraction less than 1.
proportion
an equality of two ratios in the form 
a
b
= 
d
c
–
G L O S S A R Y
–
2 4 7

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Pythagorean theorem
the formula 
a
2
+ 
b
2
= 
c
2
, where 
a
and 
b
represent the lengths of the 
legs
and 
c
represents
the length of the 
hypotenuse
of a right triangle
Pythagorean triple
a set of three whole numbers that satisfies the Pythagorean theorem,
a
2
+ 
b
2
= 
c
2
, such as 3:4:5
and 5:12:13