people recovering from COVID-19 who were hospitalized may be considerable. Studies reported ongoing symptoms in a significant
proportion of patients several months after discharge (6–7). A systematic review reported a median
proportion of 72.5% of individuals (n 9751) experiencing at least 1 persistent symptom (11). A
spectrum of symptoms that persist has been identified by cohort studies; these include symptoms of
anxiety and depression in 51 of 384 patients (14.6%) to 367 of 1 617 patients (22.6%); post-traumatic
stress disorder in 7 of 97 patients (7.2%) to 31 of 100 patients (31%); cognitive impairment in 19 of 29
patients (65.5%) to 138 of 179 patients (77%); pain in 431 of 1 616 patients (27%); and reduced
exercise capacity in 392 of 1 692 patients (22%) to 66 of 204 patients (32.3%) (4, 5, 12–16). Limitations
in functioning have been reported in half of COVID-19 patients at 6 months after hospital discharge
(17). In a study of 1 077 people recovering from COVID-19, 313 were feeling fully recovered after 6
months
(18). A study with patients aged 60 years and above reported a negative change in health-
related quality of life in 57 of 106 patients 6 months following hospitalization due to COVID-19; 1 in 3
experienced a persistently impaired mobility and ability to carry out activities of daily living (19).
Another study reported about 431
hospitalized patients who worked prior to COVID-19, and 125 were
found to be not working a median of 5 months after hospital discharge (20). In a cohort of 767
patients, 146 experienced a health-related change in occupation a median of 5 months after hospital
discharge (18). ●
Symptoms may also persist for
people with COVID-19 who were not admitted to hospital(21–25). At
least 10% of those who were cared for at home have ongoing symptoms at 3 months after their acute
illness (26). Symptoms adversely affect the performance of daily activities in 66% (634 000/962 000) of
those with self-reported ongoing symptoms (27). In a study of 210 non-hospitalized patients, 65 were
dependent on others for personal care (28). About 6 months after the onset of symptoms, in a study
with 239 members of an online COVID-19 support group, 199 self-reported moderate to poor health,
and 110 reported moderate to severe limitations in functioning (31). In another study of 2 550 people
participating in a social media survey, 431 reported an inability to work due to COVID-19, and 1 642
were unable to perform their usual activities or duties (32).
●
Twelve weeks or more after onset of the disease, 2–15% of