participate in case ascertainment.
The South Carolina center will base race/ethnic-, gender-, and age- specific denominators on
projections based on the 2000 US Census. South Carolina has roughly 1.1 million children
and youth under the age of 20 among a total population of more than 4 million (28% youth).
Thirty percent (30%) of the population is African American, compared to 12.3% nationwide
(Census 2000). Thirty-seven percent (37%) of all SC youth are enrolled in Medicaid or the
State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SC Office of Research Statistics), the proportion
being even higher in rural parts of the state. SC has a high proportion of families of very low
income: 18.8% of all SC youth live in families with incomes below the poverty level,
including 10% of Whites, and 33% of non-White youth. Children in SC are more likely to
grow up in households with lower educational attainment compared to the national average.
In SC, 23.7 of adults over age 25 have no high school diploma, compared to 19.6%
Section 2 - Center Descriptions (Phase 3 - 12/2010)
Section 2 - Page 4
nationwide (Census 2000). In addition, 40% of SC lives in rural areas of the state (compared
to 21% nationwide) (Census, 2000).
2.5.
CALIFORNIA - KAISER PERMANENTE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Kaiser Permanente is a group model managed health care organization that delivered
comprehensive medical care on a prepaid basis to approximately 3.3 million residents of
southern California in 2009. It is a working partnership of two organizations: the not-for-
profit Kaiser Foundation Health Plan and Hospitals and the Permanente Medical Groups.
Members receive their insurance coverage through employers, MediCal and other low-
income programs, and private payment. The Department of Research and Evaluation, part of
the Southern California Permanente Medical Group (SCPMG), is the research arm of Kaiser
Permanente Southern California (KPSC). This Department, located in Pasadena California,
is committed to conducting high quality epidemiologic, behavioral, clinical, and health
services research.
Children with diabetes who are members of KPSC, other than members who reside in San
Diego County, will be identified and invited to participate in SEARCH. Youth will be
identified based on monthly case reports from the Pediatric Endocrinologists (primary
source) and through linking computer-stored clinical information on prescriptions, laboratory
tests, inpatient, and outpatient encounters (secondary source) and validating these potential
cases to confirm that they have a physicians’ diagnosis of diabetes. Further, eligibility will
be determined for all valid cases based on their health plan membership and geographic
location within the region. This two-pronged approach allows for the identification of youth
who are not seen or not reported by Pediatric Endocrinologists.
The California center will use its administrative membership database as the source of
denominator information. Counts of the number of members by sex and one-year age
category will determine the number persons in the denominator each year. All membership
files are geocoded annually to account for new members, disenrollment in the health plan,
and address changes for continuously enrolled members. Using these geocoded files,
estimates of the number of children in each racial/ethnic group will be made based on census
block-level geocoding of address information to the 2000 or 2010 decennial U.S. census
which are updated annually based on changes in geographic boundaries as well as
demographic changes within each census block.
Section 2 - Center Descriptions (Phase 3 - 12/2010)
Section 2 - Page 5
In 2009, approximately 798,499 children and youth less than 20 years of age were members
of the Kaiser Permanente Southern California other than in San Diego. Based on
race/ethnicity data aggregated at the census block-level, 48% of were Hispanic, 31% non-
Hispanic White, 10% of Asian/Pacific Islander, 8% African American, and 3% other race or
multiple race. In addition to the diversity in race/ethnicity, there is also significant diversity
in the income and education of members of the KPSC health plan, which is also
representative of the region.
SEARCH Phase 3 Protocol - Section 3
Study Organization
Table of Contents
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