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When the noun which is being described is a person
who /
whom is used.
If the noun which is being replaced is the subject of the verb in the adjective clause
who is used.
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The man will be the luckiest man on the Earth.
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The man marries that woman.
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The man who marries that woman will be the luckiest man on the Earth.
If the noun which is being replaced is the object of the verb or a preposition
whom is used.
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The girl has been in a terrible accident.
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We saw the girl in the park yesterday.
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The girl whom we saw in the park yesterday has been in a terrible accident.
In moden English
who can be used instead of
whom.
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The girl who we saw in the park yesterday has been in a terrible accident.
That is usually used for either objects or people.
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The table that you bought from an antique shop is beautiful.
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The girl that we saw in the park yesterday has been in a terrible accident.
If the adjective clause is a non-restrective, that can’t be used.
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Virginia, which is said to be quite beautiful, is the home of many senators and representatives.
When the relative pronoun replaces the object of a preposition there are two ways of constructing the sentence:
One way is to put the preposition before the relative pronoun. The other way is to put the preposition at the end of
the adjective clause.
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The man is leaving.
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You spoke to the man.
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The man whom you spoke to is leaving.
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The man to whom you spoke is leaving.
If the relative pronoun is the object of its clause, the relative pronoun can be omitted only in restrictive clauses.
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I suggest that you read the book.
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I bought the book at the book store.
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I suggest that you read the book which I bought at the book store.
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I suggest that you read the book I bought at the book store.
If the relative pronoun is the subject of its clause it can not be omitted.
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I suggest that you read the book.
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The book won the prize.
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I suggest that you read the book which won the prize.
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