Special education of the republic of uzbekistan
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Open syllable Close syllable before r
- Stressed syllable
- life, five, fine, tie, time
- Stressed Syllable Open syllable Open syllable Close syllable before r +
- Open syllable
- Questions for Discussion
Phonetic drills
Underline the vowels pronounced [ æ ] in this conversation. A: Where were you standing ? B: Outside my flat. A: Where was the man ? B: He ran out of the bank. A: Was he carrying anything ? B: A black bag. A: Thank you, madam.
Listen to the phrases and write them in this table. Ex.: An angry customer. = [ æ ] + [ ] Come back! = [ ] + [ æ ] A lovely summer. = [ ] + [ ] A happy man. = [æ ] + [ æ ]
Find four words in the box that contain the same vowel sound as in 1. clean [ɪ: ] ----- ----- ----- ----- 2. bird [ə:] ----- ----- ----- ----- 3. car [a:] ----- ----- ----- ----- 4. four [:] ----- ----- ----- ----- 5. food [u:] ----- ----- ----- ----- and write them in the spaces.
All the words in the box include the letter “u”. How is it pronounced? Write the words in the table.
Repeat these words and notice the underlined vowel sounds. [eɪ] [ aɪ ] [əu] [au] day climb phone pound break ice know now change flight smoke count escape excited October mountain Vowel practice. Read the words in the following exercises first downwards and then across the page: (1) [i:] – [ɪ] (2) [ɪ] – [e] peal – pill win – when deed – did did – dead seat – sit sit – set (3) [e] – [æ ] (4) [æ] – [] men – man fan – fun head – had bad – bud guess – gas hat – hut (5) [] – [ɑ:] (6) [ɑ:] – [:] done – darn far – four bud – bard darn – dawn cut – cart part – port (7) [] – [:] (8) [:] – [ə:] don – dawn four – fur cod – cord torn – turn spot – sport caught – curt (9) [u] – [u:] (10) [i:] – [ɪə] full – fool tea – tear hood – food bead – beard book – boot piece – pierce (11) [i:] – [eɪ] (12) [e] – [eɪ] pea – pay men – main mean – main led – laid leak – lake let – late (13) [ e ] – [eə] (14) [eɪ] – [eə] very – vary day – dare dead – dared pay – pair shed – shared they – their (15) [æ] – [eɪ] (16) [æ] – [eə] am – aim dad – dared man – main bad – bared fat – fate stand – stared (17) [ɑ:] – [aɪ] (18) [:] – [ə u] bar – buy nor – no charm – chime torn – tone park – pike caught – coat (19) [:] – [ɪ] (20) [ə u] – [au] bore – boy no – now all – oil tone – town corn – coin known – noun (21) [aɪ] – [aɪə] (22) [ju:] – [juə] high – higher cue – cure tie – tyre few – fewer quite – quiet pew – pure Train the reading of the following sentences on sounds. Pay attention to the boldface words. Write down the transcription. [i:] Please believe that sweet peas and beans are good to eat. Eat them at least twice a week. [ɪ] Tim’s sister swims a little bit. It keeps her fit, slim and trim. [e] Ten times seven is seventy. Seven times eleven is seventy seven. [æ] Many animals inhabit Africa. Africa has camels, giraffes, parrots, and bats. [u:] Who flew to the moon? Numerous lunar flights are in the news. We’ll soon put a man on Jupiter and Pluto. [u] Would you look for my cookbook? It should be full of hints for good cookies and
[] The southern governor is Republican. The public election was fun. He won by one hundred votes. [ə:] Nurses do worthy work. They certainly deserve a word of praise. [ə] Labor Day is in September. Workers are honored. [eɪ] Maine is a state in the northern United States. It’s a great place for a vacation. [əu] The North Pole is close to the Arctic Ocean. It’s known for polar bears, snow, and severe cold. [au] Owls are now found throughout the world. They avoid crowds and make loud
[aɪ] Eyesight is vital for a normal life. I prize mine highly. [ɪ] The auto industry is a loyal employer in Detroit. People enjoy their choice of cars.
What is a monophthong? How many monophthongs are there in English? What is a diphthong? How many diphthongs are there in English? Classify the English monophthongs according to the existing principles. Classify the vowels according to the lip position. Classify the vowels according to the degrees (height) of tenseness. Explain the general principles of classification of vowels. What vowels are rounded and unrounded? Are there quantitative distinctions between English vowels? SELF – TEST There are three answers after each question. Only one is correct. Choose the correct answer. How many monophthongs do you know? a) 6 b) 10 c) 12 How many diphthongs do you know? a) 6 b) 8 c) 10 3. Find the line with front retracted vowels: sit, cinema, pity teacher, pupil, butter peach, command, see 4. Find the line with back advanced vowels: window, round, every cup, foot, book c) tube, simple, mirror Define the diphthongized vowels (diphthongoids) [i:], [u:] b) [ju:], [i:] c) [u:], [ɪ] How many of these vowel sounds are there in the words in each line? The first line is done for you.
Look at the words in the box. Underline the vowels pronounced / eɪ / (as in day and rain), and circle the vowels pronounced /e/ (as in red and said).
In the brackets above each boldface words write the phonetic symbol representing the vowel in that word. [ i ] [ɪ] [ɪ] Ex.: The field was filled with flowers. [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Take a dip in the deep water. 11. Complete today’s lesson. [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Please, beat the sweet cream. 12. Irma had her thirty-third birthday. [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Make haste not waste! 13. Summer is warmer than winter. [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] April showers bring May flowers. 14. My driver’s license expires in July. [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Clap your hands. 15. I’ll buy the item if the price is right. [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] It was hard to start the car. 16. She caught her coat on the cot. [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] My watch stopped. 17. Bud bought a boat. [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] I hate wearing a hat when it’s hot. 18. Fought off an awful cough [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Take a good look at Luke. 19. The tomatoes are homegrown. [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 10. I sew my own clothes. 20. Come have some fun in the sun.
I. According to the type of obstruction and the manner of the production of noise. II. According to the active speech organ and the place of obstruction. III. According to the work of the vocal cords and the force of articulation. IV. According to the position of the soft palate.
According to the type of obstruction English consonants are divided into occlusive and constrictive. Occlusive consonants are produced with a complete obstruction formed by the articulating organs, the air – passage to the mouth cavity is blocked. Occlusive consonants may be:
noise consonants sonorants According to the manner of the production of noise occlusive noise consonants are divided into plosive consonants and affricates. Plosive consonants are [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [ɡ] Affricate consonants are [ʧ], [ʤ] Constrictive consonants are produced with an incomplete obstruction, that is by a narrowing of the air–passage. Constrictive consonants may be: noise consonants (or fricatives) sonorants Fricatives are: [f], [v], [], [ð], [s], [z], [ ʃ ], [ʒ], [h] Constrictive sonorants may be median and lateral. According to the active organs of speech English consonants are divided into: labial, lingual, glottal. LABIAL consonants may be: bilabial (are articulated by the 2 lips) [p], [b], [m], [w] labio–dental (are articulated with the lower lip against the upper teeth)[f], [v] LINGUAL consonants may be: forelingual mediolingual backlingual Forelingual consonants are articulated by the blade of the tongue. According to the position of the tip English forelingual consonants may be: apical cacuminal Apical consonants are articulated by the tip of the tongue. They are [], [ð], [t], [d], [l], [n], [s], [z]. Cacuminal consonants are articulated by the tongue tip raised against the back part of the alveolar ridge. The front of the tongue is lowered forming a spoon – shaped depression. It is [r]. Mediolingual consonants are articulated with the front of the tongue against the hard palate [j]. Backlingual consonants are articulated by the back of the tongue against the soft palate [k], [ɡ], [ŋ]. GLOTTAL consonants are produced in the glottis [h] According to the point of articulation forelingual consonants are divided into: dental alveolar palato – alveolar post – alveolar Dental consonants are articulated against the upper teeth either with the tip. They are [], [ð] Alveolar consonants are articulated by the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge. They are [t], [d], [n], [l], [s], [z] Palato – alveolar consonants are articulated by the tip and blade of the tongue, against the alveolar ridge or the back part of the alveolar ridge. They are [ ʃ ], [ ʒ ] [ ʧ ], [ʤ ] Post alveolar consonants are articulated by the tip of the tongue against the back part of the alveolar ridge. It’s the English [r]. According to the work of the vocal cords consonants are divided into voiced and voiceless. Voiceless consonants are [p], [t], [k],[ʧ], [f], [], [s], [ ∫ ], [h] Voiced consonants are [b], [d], [ɡ], [ʤ], [v], [ð], [z], [ʒ], [m], [n], [ŋ], [w], [l], [r], [j] According to the position of the soft palate consonants are divided into oral and nasal. Nasal consonants are produced with the soft palate lowered while the air – passage through the mouth is blocked. The English nasal consonants are [m], [n], [ŋ] Oral consonants are produced when the soft palate is raised and the air escapes through the mouth. The oral consonants are [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [ɡ], [f], [v], [], [ð], [s], [z], [ ∫ ], [ʒ], [h], [ʧ ], [ʤ], [w], [l], [r], [ ∫ ] Reading Rules of English Consonants
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