stops: [p],[t],[k] ([b],[d],[g])
Timbre characterises whether the consonant is voiced or non-voiced. All the consonants except
[p],[t],[k],[h] ja [s] (and [f]) are voiced in Finnish.
The place of pronounciation tells where in the vocal tract is the most important narrow passage.
For instance [p] and [t] are both unvoiced stops but [p] is placed in the lips and [t] behind the teeth.
The different locations are:
bilabial between the lips
labiodental between the lower lip and the upper teeth
dental between the teeth
alveolar between the alveolar ridge and the tongue
palate-alveolar between the frontal palate and the tongue
palate between the palate and the tongue
velar between the soft palate and the tongue
uvular between the tip of the soft palate (uvula) and the tongue
pharyngal between the back of pharynx and the tongue
Based on these properties all the consonants can be classified. For instance, [m] is a voiced bilabial
nasal and [k] is an unvoiced palatal stop.
Phonology
The general abstract class of speech sounds is called
phoneme whereas one single spoken realization
of a phoneme is called a
phone. Thus, all phones are in princible different. The phonemes belonging
to the same class in some particular language, having still clear phoenetical difference, are called
allophones. For instance in Finnish all vowels can be pronounced in nasal fashion without changing
the meaning of words, meaning that these are allophones in Finnish language. In other words, nasality
is a phonetic feature in Finnish but for example in French, it is a phonological feature.
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