Tenses tenses denote the time of action. They show when the work is done. They are: (1) Present Tense (2) Past Tense (3) Future Tense They are further divided into: (1) Simple Present

Example – She has been writing a letter. 
Example– She has not been writing a letter. 
Example – Has she been writing a letter? 
Example – Has she not been writing a letter? 
 
 
ASSERTIVE RULE --- sub + has/have + v3 + object 
NEGATIVE RULE --- sub + has/have + not + v3 + object
INTERROGATIVE RULE --- has/have + sub + v3 + object 
INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE RULE ---has/have + sub + not + v3 + object 
ASSERTIVE RULE --- sub + has/have + been + v1 + ing + object 
NEGATIVE RULE --- sub + has/have + not been + v1 + ing + object 
INTERROGATIVE RULE ---has/have + sub + been + v1 + ing + object 
INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE RULE --- has/have + she + not + been + v1 + ing + object 

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Past Tense 
Tense symbolizes the ever moving, non-stop wheel of time which is forever busy 
gathering moments of future and throwing them into the dustbin of past 
Simple Past 
Used to indicate an action completed in the past. It often occurs with adverb of 
time. Sometimes it is used without an adverb of time. 
Used for past habits. 
Eg. I played football when I was a child.
Rule: 
Subject + V2
Eg She wrote a letter 
1.
Assertive Sentences –
Subject + V2 + Object + (.)
She wrote a letter. 
2.
Negative Sentences- 
Subject + didn’t + V1 + Object + (.) 
She didn’t.write a letter. 
3.
Interrogative Sentences- 
Did + Subject + V1 + Object + (?) 
Did she write a letter? 
Past (before 
now)
Past 
Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect 
Continuous
Simple Past

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4.
Interrogative Negative Sentences-