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CHAPTER 3. The works of the masters of the adventure genre

1. Adventure details in Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe

Daniel Defoe. Daniel Defoe was born in London in 1660, the son of a butcher called James Foe (Daniel later changed his name to Defoe, because it was a more fashionable name). He went to a church school, and then went into business, buying and selling different things, and travelling all over Europe. He fought against one king Games II), and later joined the army of another king (William III).
He went to prison twice because he wrote clever
booklets against the church and the government. He travelled a lot, worked as aspy, started his own newspaper, and has more than 500 pieces of writing to his name - more than any other writer in the English language. It was a very full, busy, and exciting life. He died in 1731, in Ropemaker's Alley, London.When he was nearly sixty years old, he began to write No vels. These include Captain Singleton, Moll Flanders, and Roxana, but he is remembered best today for Robinson Crusoe. This was his first novel, written in 1719, and it was an immediate success. Defoe used the true story of a sailor called Alexander Selkirk, who was left by pirates on Juan Fernandez, a small island in the Pacific Ocean. He lived there alone for four years, and was rescued by a ship in 1709. Many people call Robinson Crusoe the first English novel. It appears in many different languages, films are made of it, and the story of Crusoe on his island is still enjoyed today by both children and adults all over the world⁷.
The novels “Robinson Crusoe” and “Moll Flanders” by Daniel Defoe (1660- 1731), a major exponent of English literature, are considered to be classics that began a new direction in world literature. The author became especially involved in



⁷ Defoe", The Oxford Companion to English Literature, ed. Margaret Drabble. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 265.
eternity with his work “Robinson Crusoe”. Through this work, watered with the spirit of the Enlightenment, the writer fulfilled the enormous task of laying the foundation for the social realistic romanticism of the 19th century. Defoe's tradition of Romanticism was developed by such famous writers as Henry Fielding, George Smollett, Charles Dickens.

Today's reader can imagine that adib, who created the famous novel "Robinson Crusoe", lived his whole life inside shonu fame. Was it actually? This question interests everyone.

We all know that "Robinson Crusoe" is among the masterpieces of artistry, which are loved not only by children, but also by adults. It is noteworthy that the ideas of the Enlightenment of England developed in common with the Enlightenment of Germany. We also see this in the work of the great German poet Goethe. Daniel Defoe artistically expressed the ideas of the era as a representative of his contemporary, his class. The writer took the field as a harbinger of the progressive worldview of his contemporaries.

Robinson's life on a deserted island, the resourcefulness, courage, will, the pain of overcoming hardships inherent in the creator man are described in the novel with great artistic skill. The work sounds like a labor anthem. It is this talent that bois Robinson Crusoe retains his humanity. This is exactly what the attractiveness, instructive qualities and educational significance of this literary hero is. The creative achievement of the writer is the skillful absorption of specific events in the novel into art. Labor is cited as a leading factor in Robinson's ability to maintain the image of humanity for years on a deserted island in extremely difficult conditions when he is in a state of crisis⁸.

⁸ Bastian, F. (1981). Defoe's Early Years. London: Macmillan Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-333-27432-3. Retrieved 23
October 2017.
Daniel Defoe is a pen owner who, according to researchers, wrote about 400 publicistic articles, pamphlets. These works have been translated into many world languages. Created with the creative Fantasy Power of defo, these works are an example of extraordinary phenomenon and unparalleled courage for their countrymen.

The author himself also went through countless hardships in life. Nevertheless, with perseverance and endurance, he managed to overcome difficulties and achieve his goals. Defoe was England's first professional journalist, a newspaper editor who could influence others with his political views, and a well-informed writer about the mysteries surrounding the government's most responsible persons. However, due to the complex conditions, brutal social and political battles, he could not fully fulfill his goals. Political unrest and malfunctions, disputes and Discord, became entangled in the intrigues of the palace, but continued to publish his books about life events that interested his contemporaries.

Throughout his life, Defoe has expressed his attitude towards the acute political and international issues of his time, whether openly, or secretly, under various pseudonyms, without ceasing to publish pamphlets. He finished scientific works, pamphlets on philosophy and Law, trade, wrote articles, guides, manuals, reference books, programs on how to behave among the public and the Community, finished poems on art, published his thoughts on the history of hand crafts and other similar fields of peat⁹.

The works that Defoe announces without naming themselves also constitute an amazing library. Defo uses a means of narrating the account of events in them on behalf of the heroes of the work. Accordingly, his books evoke the impression that

⁹ Wright, Thomas (1894). The Life of Daniel Defoe Volume 1. Cassell. p. 2.
they were written as if by sailors, merchants, thieves and Cossacks, court conspirators, adventurers of all kinds.

Defoe was arrested for his pamphlets and political activities, and on 31 July 1703 was tied to the “pillar of the promised”. A poem he wrote, “Hymn of the pillar of Isnod”, before a civil judgment aimed at disgracing him was carried out is widely circulated among the people. In it, Defoe had a bold mind on the need to lose, expose apostates who had returned from religion. To Defoe, which is envisaged to be Sharmisor, the people scatter flowers, raise a goblet for his health.

In 1704, Defoe began to take an active part in a periodical called the “review of French Affairs”. This public newspaper stood out until 1713. It was one of the first publications to cover serious political and economic topics in England. The writer later became an editor for other newspapers. After the death of Queen Anne,when the Tory party seized power, Defoe became a supporter of Whig power.

Daniel Defoe lived in a complex historical century. He traded in cloth goods until he became a writer, buying and selling wine, but the sira business did not run; he became a factory owner, businessman, spy, soldier, pamphleteer, prisoner, journalist, editor, literary “mercenary”. Think of the place, importance in the vital activity of the adib of each profession listed-a?! Eh-he! You say that Daniel Defoe was not interested, it turned out that there was no area left where he “did not poke his nose”¹⁰.

In the last years of his life, Defoe gave the impression that he had retired from fiction, spending his talents as a political journalist on the path of political mobilization

¹⁰ Richetti, John (2005). The Life of Daniel Defoe
As noted by defoshunos and critics, he was a “modern man”, a “citizen of the modern world”, a “legendary man”. We saw that Adib's life was very hard. Throughout his career, he has gone through extreme lifetimes. In return for these difficulties and suffering that the creator suffered, qismat paid him an excellent reward. This is the unquenchable fame of Robinson Crusoe before the peoples of the world. Unfortunately, this admiration and applause earned him posthumous honors. The life of the people of creativity is a kind of mysterious world with such fragments of peat¹¹.