particular ways in which a woman and a man are expected to behave and the
activities each is expected to engage in. In a culture in which both men and women
are expected to be outgoing and active, women may be expected to take a lot of
initiative in personal relations between men and women, while men may be expected
to take the initiative in public, community activities. In other cultures it is expected
that the personalities of women and men will be complementary. The personality of
women is based on one set of temperamental traits and that of men on another. In
such a culture women may be expected to be passive, gentle and modest, while
men may be expected to be active and self-assertive in whatever activities persons
of either sex engage in.
m On the basis of research I have carried out, I believe that there are male and
1 female versions of the same temperament. Temperamentally there are male as well
I as female introverts and extroverts, fiercely brave women as well as fiercely brave
I men, shy and gentle men as well as shy and gentle women. Every society
I emphasizes an expected personality for each sex. Sometimes both men and women
• are expected to have the same kind of personality. That is, both men and women
1 are expected to be outgoing, active people or, on the contrary, introspective,
1 meditative people. In cultures where this is so, sex differences are reflected in the
• particular ways in which a woman and a man are expected to behave and the
1 activities each is expected to engage in. In a culture in which both men and women
I are expected to be outgoing and active, women may be expected to take a lot of
I initiative in personal relations between men and women, while men may be expected
I to take the initiative in public, community activities. In other cultures it is expected
1 that the personalities of women and men will be complementary. The personality of
I women is based on one set of temperamental traits and that of men on another. In
1 such a culture women may be expected to be passive, gentle and modest, while
I men may be expected to be active and self-assertive in whatever activities persons
1 of either sex engage in.
E X E R C I S E 1: Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:
COLUMN A COLUMN B
a) basic nature or character
b) person who thinks more about himself than
about the outside world and is often shy
c) person who is active, lively and sociable and
finds it easy to talk to others
d) strongly; intensely
e) spending a lot of time examining one's own
thoughts, ideas and feelings; with careful and
serious thought
f) thinking carefully and seriously
g) mirror [verb]; show
h) become involved in
i) make the first move; lead (phrase) j) particular characteristic or quality
k) extremely confident about oneself and insisting
on displaying one's confidence to others