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According to Hitler's plan, to seize the whole Caucasus, especially Azerbaijan and Baku under the name “Edelweiss”, the battles in this region began in July of 1942. The plan “Edelweiss” assumed the occupation of Baku on September 25, 1942. Allies of the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States, had developed the plan, related to the South Caucasus, “Velvet”, in accordance which, Soviet troops would move from the Caucasus to the defense of Stalingrad, and for a more robust defense of the Caucasus, they intended to advance the Anglo-American troops here. Implementation of this plan would lead to the rejection of the South Caucasus from the Soviet Union. Naturally, the Soviet leadership paid special attention to the Caucasus, since the loss of the region meant the loss of such an important fuel sources, such as Baku and Grozny, which would lead to the defeat of the Soviet Union in the war. In the summer of 1942, Hitler declared that if Germany did not seize the Baku and Grozny oil, he would not be able to continue the war.
At the initiative of Stalin and Chairman of the State Commission for Resettlement, A. Mikoyan, a special plan was developed for mining and destruction of the city of Baku in case of danger of his capture. Moreover, for fear of possible cooperation of Azerbaijan with the Germans, there was a plan of deportation of Azerbaijanis from Baku to Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Arguments of M.J. Baghirov, the head of the republic, that deportation would adversely affect the level of oil and the production of cotton and reduce the morale of the Azerbaijani soldiers at the front, have played a great role in the suspension of the implementation of the plan. To a large extent, the victory of the Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad and the Caucasus were not allowed to carry out this monstrous plan. The Soviet government, under the German threat, on September 9, 1942 imposed martial law in the republics of Transcaucasia. The Azerbaijani national divisions, the 77th, 223rd, 402nd, 202nd, 271st and 412nd, and 227th, consisting mainly of our compatriots, took part in the five-month battle for the Caucasus. Gafur Mammadov and Idris Suleymanov, who were awarded the highest award of the Soviet Union, the
stars of the Hero of the Soviet Union. The 77th Simferopol division has played a historic role, not only in the liberation of the Caucasus, but also the Crimea and Ukraine. The soldiers of this division have destroyed more than 26 thousand the enemy soldiers and officers.
The 412th Taganrog Division, in 1942-1945, has passed a glorious way from the Caucasus to Berlin and on May 2, hoisted the flag of victory over the Brandenburg Gate. Yusif Sadiqov, who distinguished in the capture of Berlin, was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. The 223rd division participated in the liberation of Ukraine, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia. For the liberation of Belgrade, the capital city of Yugoslavia, this division was named “Belgrade”. The 271st National Gorlovskaya Division distinguished itself especially during the liberation of Poland and Czechoslovakia. Well-known scholar and historian, Ziya Bunyadov, an officer of this division, was awarded the highest military honor, the Hero of the Soviet Union. During the war, valorous pilot Adil Guliyev shot down 18 enemy aircraft and was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union.
Azerbaijani combatants fought heroically against the Nazis in the occupied territories of the Soviet Union and Europe. The guerilla detachment of the legendary hero, Mehdi Huseynzade, famous under the name “Mikhailo”, gained great popularity in the guerrilla movement against the German fascists in Italy and Yugoslavia. In 1944, as a result of operations carried out by the Germans, Mehdi Huseynzade was killed. On April 11, 1957 he was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union.
In 1943-1945 in the resistance movement in France, which was headed by the leader of the French people General Charles de Gaulle, fought about 2 thousand Azerbaijanis. The glorious son of Azerbaijan people, Ahmadiyya Jabrayilov (Armed Michelle in France) was an active member of the French Resistance. For personal bravery, he received the highest awards of France, the military medal, which gives the right to solider to step ahead the army general during a military parade.
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