44
Not
[nt, 'n
t]
Till
[tl, 't
ɪ
l]
- I’m sorry you can’t stay…
- I shall be here till Friday…
- I’m afraid I haven’t time …
- Can’t I stay till Saturday?
- It’s not very late.
- Till I get a letter, I don’t know…
And
[
ə
n, 'ænd]
But
[ b
ə
t, 'b
t]
- You and I are of the same age…
- I’m sorry, but I didn’t understand
- So are John and Mary...
- But I spoke quite dearly...
- And Tom, too...
- Ah, but you spoke too quickly…
As
[
ə
z, 'æz]
Than
[ð
ə
n]
- Mary’s as tall as I am…
- Mary’s taller than me...
- She’s not as fat though...
- She’s thinner than you, too...
- As to that, I don’t know...
Questions for Discussion
1.
What phenomenon is called “reduction”?
2.
Name the sounds which are commonly found in the unstressed syllables.
3.
How many types of reduction do you know?
4.
What degrees of the reduction do you know? Give an example.
5.
Read the following sentence: ‘I can read it alone’. What type of reduction is observed
in the word
can
?
6.
Are the personal and possessive pronouns generally stressed in connected speech?
7.
Are the auxiliary and modal verbs generally stressed in connected speech?
8.
In what positions are prepositions generally stressed in a sentence?
9.
Which form-words have no weak forms?
SELF – TEST
1. Find the line of the words with soft reduction:
a
) pity, student, curtain
b) city, indefinite, record
c) cotton, mountain, village
2. Find the line of the words with hard reduction:
a) summer, climate, potato
b) Sunday, perhaps, suppose
c) adopt, compose, compulsory
3. Find the line of the words with complete reduction:
a) lesson, cotton, captain
b) luggage, climate, Negro
c) cucumber, cotton, curtain
4.
State the type of reduction of the following words:
decide, polite, cotton, pencil, climate, comrade, potato, unite, education, solemn,
silent, silence, possible
45
5.
Transcribe, mark the stresses and tunes and read the sentence:
He isn’t away, is he?
Give examples where link verbs have their strong forms.
6.
Transcribe, mark the stresses and tunes and read the sentences:
We have an elder
brother.
He has left for Tashkent at present.
How have you transcribed the verb
have
in
the first sentence, and
has
in the second?
7.
Give examples of the word
that
as a demonstrative pronoun and as a conjunction.
8.
Pronounce the correct forms of the verb
can
in the phrase:
I can do it as well.
And now
in:
Can you write it yourself?
Give other examples where
auxiliary and modal verbs
have their strong forms.
9.
Give examples to illustrate the verb
to do
in the reduced and non-reduced forms?
10.
Transcribe and read the sentence:
He is right
. What type of reduction is found in the
word
he
?
11.
Mark sentence-stresses and underline all the content words in the sentence:
I sent them
a photo of the children
. What parts of speech are content words?
12.
Mark sentence-stresses and underline all the form-words in the sentence:
They all went
for a walk in the park
. What parts of speech are form-words?
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