The State Symbols of Uzbekistan

The State Symbols of Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan is a country in Asia. It shares borders with the following countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan. The capital of Uzbekistan is Tashkent.

The official language is Uzbek and the Uzbekistani soʻm is the currency of the Uzbekistan. The domain is .uz and the country code is +998.
National day is celebrated on 1 Sep 1991. Every country in the world has national symbols including national animal, national flower, motto, etc and Uzbekistan is no exception.
In Uzbekistan, Football is considered as a national sport, and it is a passion of many Uzbekistani people. Tea is not only a traditional drink, but one of the national drink of Uzbekistan. As poetry is a highly appreciated art, many poets like Abdulla Oripov, Erkin Vohidov, Gʻafur Gʻulom, Mirtemir represent a national Uzbekistani symbol.
The country was founded by Islam Abduganiyevich Karimov. The current president of Uzbekistan is Shavkat Mirziyoyev and Abdulla Aripov is the Prime Minister.
In Uzbekistan the power plugs and sockets are of type C, I. The standard voltage is 220 V and the frequency is 50 Hz.
The Uzbekistani national anthem was written by Abdulla Aripov and composed by Mutal Burhanov.
Uzbekistan is warm and sunny country, attracted from the ancient times many travelers all over the world. Uzbekistan is famous with amazing hospitality: people here will meet you very warm! Also it is very beautiful and rich with recourses country. The nature will make you surprise with her great variety: hot and majestic sands of the Kyzyl-Kum desert, where went ancient caravans of the Great Silk Road, amazing mountain system of Tien-Shan and Pamir, lifeless steppe and deserts are changing with oasis where growth cotton and figs, rise and grapes.

The Historical Places of Uzbekistan

Fisrt states of the future Uzbekistan (Khorezm and Baktria) formed during the epoch of Bronze (3rd millennium – early centuries of the first millenniums BC). This period was very symbolic for the history of Uzbekistan because it was marked by appearance and rising of Zoroastrianism – ancient first religion. Bronze is also the time of Achaemenids empire – the first powerful and great empire on the territory of Uzbekistan.

Later, when the campaigns of Alexander the Great passed, Uzbek earth became very important place, one of the main trading centers along the Great Silk Road. And this undoubtedly leads us to the higher level of cultural contact between the people of this earth and foreign traders. When the cultural contact intensified, the number of religions increased.
Dominant religion Islam settled in Uzbekistan with the arriving of Arab campaigns (7th-8th cent.). Islam quickly replaced the religion Buddhism and that fact made Uzbekistan the important part of Muslim world, one of its centers (10th cent.). But after a great up, the time of rising, came a great down brought by the Genghis Khan invasion (13th cent.). Mongols caused awful destruction, destroyed huge amount of culture monuments.
Late 14th century was the time of great and world-famous Tamerlane (Amir Timur, tribal prince). Samarkand became a capital of great vast empire created by Timur and this is why so many beautiful buildings (minarets, mausoleums, incredible palaces) were built here. All best architects of that time worked in Samarkand to make it unforgettable most beautiful and major city of the whole world. But stability of the state lowered after Tamerlane’s death, it had split into parts. Dynasty of Timurids left a great mark in history and culture of Uzbekistan. Babur influenced the literature, Ulugbek made priceless contribution in the science.

Bukhara is the pearl of the East

Travel writers, chroniclers and historians are in agreement: Bukhara the Holy, Bukhara the Noble, the Dome of Islam, the Pillar of Religion, the beauty of the spirit, the most intact city in the hoary East, the most interesting city in the world.

The riches of Bukhara span a thousand years. Boasting a different mosque for every day of the year, drawing the finest minds of the East with its cultural and commercial vitality, the city well deserved the title Bukhara the Holy. Everywhere else, it was said, light shone down from heaven; in Bukhara the light shone up.
Central Asia’s holiest city, Bukhara (population 270,000) has buildings spanning a thousand years of history, and a thoroughly lived-in old centre that probably hasn’t changed much in two centuries. It is one of the best places in Central Asia for a glimpse of pre-Russian Turkestan. Most of the centre is an architectural preserve, full of medressas, minarets, a massive royal fortress and the remnants of a once-vast market complex. Government restoration efforts have been more subtle and less indiscriminate than in flashier Samarkand, and the city’s accommodation options go from strength to strength.
Whether you are drawn to the Ark, the city's medieval mud-brick citadel, and the grisly history of its Registan and zindan, or to the majestic beauty of the Kalyon Mosque and the buildings of Lyabi Hauz reflected in the gently shifting waters of the tank, everything you see is a treat for the eyes. Many people will quite understandably spend their entire stay wandering the labyrinthine streets of the Old Town, savouring each sight and sound and smell.
Bukhara is the undisputed pearl (or perhaps that should be sapphire, given that its dominant colour is blue) of Uzbekistan. Samarkand and Khiva both have their charms, but they seem but pale mirages when you are standing alone on a late autumnal afternoon staring up at the Kalyon Minar, the most prominent sight on Bukhara's skyline, and with the vast and unbelievably sumptuous 16th-century Kalyon Mosque at your side.
London
During the nineteenth century, London was transformed into the world's largest city and capital of the British Empire. Its population expanded from one million in 1800 to 6.7 million a century later. While the city grew wealthy as Britain's holdings expanded, nineteenth century London was also a city of poverty, where millions lived in overcrowded and unsanitary slums. Life for the poor was immortalized by Charles Dickens in such novels as Oliver Twist.
In 1829, the prime minister Robert Peel established the Metropolitan Police as a police force covering the entire urban area. The force gained the nickname of "bobbies" or "peelers," named after Robert Peel.
Nineteenth century London was transformed by the coming of the railways. A new network of metropolitan railways allowed for the development of suburbs in neighboring counties, from which middle-class and wealthy people could commute to the city's center.
As the capital of a massive empire, London became a magnet for immigrants from the colonies and poorer parts of Europe. A large Irish population settled there, with many of the newcomers refugees from the Great Famine (1845-1849). London also became home to a sizable Jewish community, and small communities of Chinese and South Asians settled in the city.
The first railway to be built in London was a line from London Bridge to Greenwich, which opened in 1836. This was soon followed by the opening of great rail termini, which linked London to every corner of Britain.
One of the most famous events of nineteenth century London was the Great Exhibition of 1851. Held at The Crystal Palace, the fair attracted visitors from across the world and displayed Britain at the height of its Imperial dominance.
The USA

The United States was born as a nation with the Declaration of Independence made by the 13 colonies on July 4, 1776. It was recognized internationally by the Treaty of Paris (1783) after the defeat of British forces in the Revolutionary War. Its roots, however, begin in the seventeenth century, when British, Dutch, and German colonists began migrating to North America seeking freedom and economic opportunity.

They included Puritans, Quakers, and others who wanted to freely practice their religion; many of these devout men and women thought of America as God's "new Israel," a place to build a godly society that would become a beacon of hope to the world. This can be called America's Protestant root, one which has had a lasting impress on its identity. Equally important were the motives and hopes of people seeking economic freedom in a new land without the restrictions of European class society; they came, from the colonists of Jamestown (1609) to the later waves of immigrants in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The frontier would encourage this love of freedom and its endless possibilities; anyone, regardless of his or her background, could become wealthy by self-reliance and hard work under a system of free-market capitalism. America's identity is thus rooted in the power of these two universal ideas – the exemplary society and the land of freedom and opportunity. In this it is unique among nations, which by and large base their identity on ethnicity or tribe: Germany for Germans, Japan for Japanese, and so on. The idea of America transcending ethnicity made it a successful multi-ethnic society.
The European colonization of the Americas began after Christopher Columbus (re)discovered them in 1492. There is speculation that Norwegian expeditions to North America led by Leif Eriksson c. 1000 C.E. and the Chinese to South America c. 1421 predated Columbus. Yet the saga of the United States began with Columbus's European discovery.
Uzbek National Holidays

January 1: New Year, "Yangi Yil Bayrami"

New Year’s Day is quite possibly the most positive and forward-looking holiday for Uzbekistan people. Midnight between New Year’s Eve and New Year’s Day is often marked by fireworks and fire crackers.
January 14: Day of Defender of the Motherland
This holiday in independent Uzbekistan is celebrated in honor of creation of own Army forces. In Uzbekistan January 14 is marked as the Day of Defenders of Motherland. It is the professional holiday of the military men because on 14 January 1992 the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan were established.
This holiday is a public one, it is celebrated nationwide and is observed quite spectacularly.
March 21: Nowruz, "Navro'z Bayrami"
Nowruz is a festival that marks the beginning of solar New Year. Nowruz is an ancient Zoroastrian fiesta that has survived the passage of time through centuries. Nowruz is characterized by the renewal of family reunions, paying tribute to the elderly, exchanging gifts, attending to the poor and the orphans, reconciliation with those with whom we’ve been at odds for some time and taking pleasure in the beauties of nature, which stand out quite noticeably at this particular point of time.
May 9: Day of Memory and Remembrance "Xotira va Qadirlash kuni"
In 1999, May 9 in Tashkent was solemnly opened "Square of Memorial" and since that time it has been celebrated as the national holiday named after "Day of Memory and Remembrance". 
September 1: Independence Day, "Mustaqillik kuni"
The Day Independence is the main national holiday of the Republic of Uzbekistan. This holiday is celebrated annually on the 1st of September. The whole country celebrates the anniversary of Independence widely and brightly.

American Holidays

The major holidays in the USA are:

New Year's Day, January, 1st:
People stay awake until after midnight on December 31st to "watch the Old Year out and the New Year in." Many parties are given on this night. Theatres, night clubs, restaurants are crowded. When midnight comes, they greet the New Year: people gather in the streets of big cities, they ring bells, blow whistles and automobile horns, some shoot off guns and firecrackers.
Valentine's Day, February, 14th:
It is not a national holiday. Banks and offices do not close, but it is a happy little festival in honour of St Valentine, patron of sweethearts and lovers. It is widely celebrated among people of all ages by the exchange of "valentines." A "valentine" may mean a special greeting card or a little present. The greeting cards are often coloured red, have red trimmings and pictures of hearts.
Washington's Birthday, February, 22d:
In addition to commemorating the birth of the United States' first President, it's a great day for shoppers. The department stores of Washington, DC, stated a national tradition of sales marked by unusual bargains. It is not a national holiday. Many schools, offices and banks close for this day, some stay open. The US Congress observes the birthday of George Washington with speeches and readings from his works.
Easter is in memory of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. It falls on the first Sunday after the first full moon between March, 22, and April, 25. The 40 days before Easter are called Lent. Just before Easter, schools and colleges usually close. Students have a week or ten days of spring vacation. Easter is a church holiday, and many churches have an outdoor sunrise service. People give each other presents of eggs which are the symbol of new life. There is a popular belief that wearing three new things on Easter will bring good luck throughout the year.
The Way of Living of the British People

The Way of Life

In recent years there have been many changes in family life. A typical British family used to consist of mother, father and two children. Since the law made it easier to get a divorce, the number of di­vorces has considerably increased: one marriage in every three now ends in divorce. As a result, there are a lot of one-parent families. Society is now more tolerant of unmarried couples and single parents.
The increased number of divorces, however, does not mean that marriage and the family are not popu­lar: the majority of divorced people marry again, and they usually take responsibility for the children in their second family.
Members of a family — grandparents, aunts, un­cles, cousins — keep in touch, but they see each oth­er less than before, because people often move away from their home town to work, and so the family becomes scattered. Christmas is the traditional sea­son for reunions, and relatives often travel many miles in order to spend the holiday together.
Taking care of the older generation. There are about ten million old-age people in Britain, of whom about 750,000 cannot live entirely independently. The govern­ment gives them financial help in the form of a pen­sion. More than half of all old people are looked after at home.
Education
In most schools boys and girls learn together. In
the first stage, which is called primary education, all children are educated according to the same pro­gramme. As they grow older, differences in ability and attainment become very marked, so it is consid­ered necessary to offer different programmes.
There are three stages of education: primary, or elementary, education, secondary education and higher education.

Fast Food

Unless you're in a particularly remote area, you can't go far in most develo­ped countries without finding a fast-food restaurant. You also can't go far without seeing cars, even if most of those cars are taxis. Much of the time, fast-food restaurants and cars seem to be everywhere. This is really no coincidence - without cars, we wouldn't have fast food.

The fast food phenomenon evolved from drive-in restaurants built in southern California in the early 1940s. Restaurateurs wanted to take advantage of the rising popularity of cars, so they designed restaurants that let people order and eat without leaving their vehicles. Drive-ins were busy and successful, but they generally used the same short-order style of food preparation that other restaurants did. The service wasn't speedy, and the food wasn't necessarily hot by the time a car hop delivered it.
Richard and Maurice McDonald owned such a restaurant. After running it successfully for 11 years, they decided to improve it. They wanted to make food faster, sell it cheaper and spend less time worrying about replacing cooks and car hops. The brothers closed the restaurant and redesigned its food-preparation area to work less like a restaurant and more like an automobile assembly line.
Their old drive-in had already made them rich, but the new restaurant - which became McDonald's - made the brothers famous. Restaurateurs traveled from all over the country to copy their system of fast food preparation, which they called the Speedee Service System. Without cars, Carl and Maurice would not have had a drive-in restaurant to tinker with. Without assembly lines, they would not have had a basis for their method of preparing food.
Before the McDonald brothers invented their fast-food production system, some restaurants did make food pretty quickly. These restaurants employed short-order cooks, who specialized in making food that didn't require a lot of preparation time. Being a short-order cook took skill and training, and good cooks were in high demand

The Sights of Great Britain

England is an easy choice for Americans going to Europe for the first time because there is a common language and heritage. Travel in England can be a bit overwhelming because it is a country brimming with historical sights and beauty. Many come to
England to see the beautiful villages, stately homes and castles, varied landscapes and stunning architecture and to experience the wonderful historical treasures that the English have preserved through the years.
Although England is small in terms of landmass, it has had tremendous influence around the world in respect to language, art and literature, claiming Shakespeare, Jane Austin, the Brontes and many other stellar writers as its own. This makes travel in England so appealing. And although governed by a democratically elected parliament, England enjoys the pomp and circumstance of a Monarchy.
Christopher Wren’s masterpiece, St. Paul’s Cathedral is an extravagantly beautiful building and one of the great sights in England. The dome is one of the highest in the world, and other features include the Whispering Gallery, The Crypt, the West Front and Towers, and Choir Stalls. The ornate décor, paintings, carvings and stonework make St. Paul’s Cathedral a favorite among architects around the world.
In the 11th century, William the Conqueror built a wooden fortress on this site to protect the entrance to London. Over the last 900 years other monarchies have added to its strength to give us the magnificent Tower of London which you can see when you travel in England. It has been a treasury, armory, and royal residence, but it has also been a prison for enemies of the crown. The Tower of London is immortalized in stories, legends, paintings and history.