The use of formulaic language by english as foreign language (efl) learners in oral proficiency exams. Plan: I. Introduction II. Main part

Conclusion
From this chapter we can determine that listening is a very important skill in foreign language teaching and learning process. It is from which listeners gain their input. Listening contains two models: the bottom-up, the top down. Moreover, listening skill includes two kinds of listening extensive and intensive listening .Furthermore, we have discussed that teaching listening skill consists of three stages: pre-listening stage while listening stage post listening stage, and the important role that activities and the tasks done before ,during and after listening play in developing the students listening abilities, In addition to; we have given the difficulties and obstacles that FL students encounter when listening to FL as well as the strategies to get effective listening

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