Topshiriq pdf

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Are there a lot of changes in the development of the modern educational system mainly to improve
the knowledge of foreign language teachers in Uzbekistan?
The modern educational system recognizes the significance of equipping foreign language teachers
with the necessary tools to effectively teach and inspire their students. Continuous education serves
as a means to enhance their professional competence, ensuring they stay updated with the latest
teaching methodologies, language trends, and technological advancements.In Uzbekistan, various
changes have been implemented to support the development of foreign language teachers. These
changes aim to address the evolving needs of both teachers and learners in the context of language
education. For instance, there has been an emphasis on providing language teachers with
opportunities for professional development through workshops, conferences, and training programs.
These initiatives enable teachers to expand their knowledge, exchange ideas, and learn from experts
in the field.Moreover, the integration of technology in language teaching has become a focal point in
enhancing professional competence. Uzbekistan has embraced the use of digital resources, online
platforms, and interactive tools to facilitate language learning and teaching. Foreign language
teachers are encouraged to incorporate technology into their classrooms, promoting interactive and
engaging learning experiences for students.Another significant aspect of developing professional
competence among foreign language teachers is the recognition of the importance of language
proficiency and linguistic competence. Efforts have been made to strengthen language skills among
teachers through language courses, immersion programs, and language proficiency assessments.
This emphasis on language proficiency enables teachers to model effective language use and provide
accurate linguistic guidance to their students.Furthermore, collaborative networks and professional
communities have been established to foster a supportive environment for foreign language
teachers. These communities offer opportunities for sharing best practices, exchanging resources,
and engaging in peer collaboration. They provide a platform for teachers to reflect on their teaching
experiences, seek advice, and receive feedback, ultimately contributing to their professional
growth.In conclusion, the development of professional competence among foreign language teachers
in Uzbekistan's educational system has seen significant improvements. The implementation of
continuous education, incorporation of technology, emphasis on language proficiency, and the
establishment of collaborative networks have all contributed to enhancing the knowledge and skills
of language teachers. By investing in the professional growth of teachers, Uzbekistan is paving the
way for improved foreign language education, preparing students to thrive in an increasingly
globalized world.
2.What is metaphor and kinship metaphor?
Metaphor is a figure of speech that involves the use of a word or phrase to describe something by
comparing it to another unrelated object or concept. It is a rhetorical device that allows for the
expression of abstract or complex ideas in a more relatable or vivid manner. Metaphors create a
connection between two seemingly unrelated things, highlighting similarities or qualities shared
between them.
Kinship metaphor, also known as family metaphors or conceptual metaphors of kinship, is a specific
type of metaphor that draws on the concept of family relationships to understand or describe other
domains of human experience. It is based on the idea that our understanding of family relationships
and dynamics serves as a conceptual framework to comprehend and explain various aspects of the
world around us. In kinship metaphors, familial terms are used metaphorically to describe non-
familial relationships or abstract concepts. For example, expressions like "sister city," "brotherhood
of nations," or "father figure" utilize kinship terms to convey a sense of close connection, shared
values, or guidance within different contexts.Kinship metaphors provide a way to conceptualize and
make sense of complex social, cultural, and organizational structures by relating them to familiar
family relationships. They tap into our innate understanding of family dynamics, roles, and emotions
to create a framework for understanding and navigating other types of relationships and
interactions.These metaphors can be found in various domains, including politics, society, business,
and personal relationships. For instance, in political discourse, leaders may refer to their citizens as

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"the national family" to evoke a sense of unity, loyalty, and shared responsibility. In business
settings, colleagues might describe their team as a "work family" to emphasize a supportive and
collaborative environment.The use of kinship metaphors allows for the transfer of knowledge and
understanding from the domain of family to other domains, facilitating communication and
comprehension. However, it is important to note that kinship metaphors are not literal descriptions
but rather figurative expressions that draw on our cultural and cognitive associations with family to
convey meaning in a more relatable and accessible way.
3. Write about cultural coding
Cultural coding refers to the process through which individuals acquire and internalize the cultural
norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors of their society or social group. It involves learning and
understanding the symbolic systems, codes, and practices that shape and define a particular
culture.Cultural coding begins early in life and continues throughout one's development, primarily
through socialization processes. It involves the transmission of cultural knowledge from one
generation to another, often within family, educational, and community contexts. This knowledge
includes language, customs, traditions, rituals, social rules, and expectations.
Language plays a crucial role in cultural coding as it serves as a medium through which cultural
information is conveyed and shared. Through language, individuals learn the meanings of words,
expressions, and idioms that carry cultural significance. They also acquire the ability to interpret
and understand non-verbal communication cues, such as gestures, facial expressions, and body
language, which vary across cultures.Cultural coding is not limited to language; it extends to various
domains of culture, including art, music, literature, religion, cuisine, clothing, and social norms.
These cultural elements are embedded with symbolic meaning and serve as markers of identity and
belonging within a particular cultural group.Cultural coding is a dynamic and ongoing process
influenced by various factors, such as historical events, geographical location, socioeconomic
conditions, and technological advancements. Different cultures possess unique codes and systems of
meaning that shape individuals' perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors.It is important to note that
cultural coding is not a uniform or static process. Within a single culture, there can be variations and
subcultures that have their own distinct codes and practices. Additionally, in multicultural societies,
individuals may navigate multiple cultural codes and engage in code-switching, adapting their
behavior and communication style depending on the cultural context.Understanding cultural coding
is essential for effective intercultural communication and interaction. It helps individuals interpret
and make sense of cultural differences, avoid misunderstandings, and develop cultural sensitivity
and competence. By recognizing and respecting different cultural codes, individuals can navigate
diverse cultural contexts with greater ease and appreciation for the richness and diversity of human
cultures.