Uzbekistan state world languages university translation faculty the english applied translation department

CHAPTER II. ANALYDIS OF GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE
2.1. The notion of grammatical and lexical meanings

The word combines in its semantic structure two meanings – lexical and grammatical. Lexical meaning is the person meaning of the word (e.g. table). Grammatical meaning is the meaning of the full lesson or a subclass. For case, the course of things has the linguistic meaning of thingness. In the event that we take a thing (table) we may say that it has its person lexical meaning (it compares to a clear piece of furniture) and the linguistic meaning of thingness (typically the meaning of the entire course). Other than, the thing ‘table’ has the syntactic meaning of a subclass – countableness. Any verb combines its person lexical meaning with the linguistic meaning of verbiality – the capacity to indicate actions or states. An descriptive word combines its person lexical meaning with the grammatical meaning of the entire course of descriptive words – qualitative – the capacity to indicate qualities. Intensifiers have the linguistic meaning of adverbiality – the ability to represent quality of qualities.

There are a few classes of words that are void of any lexical meaning and have the linguistic meaning as it were. This may be explained by the reality that they have no referents within the objective reality. All work words have a place to this bunch – articles, particles, relational words, etc.
1. Types of grammatical meaning. 
The linguistic meaning may be explicit and verifiable. The certain linguistic meaning isn't communicated formally (e.g. the word table does not contain any insights in its shape as to it being lifeless). The unequivocal syntactic meaning is continuously checked morphologically – it has its marker. Within the word cats the syntactic meaning of majority is appeared within the frame of the thing; cat’s – here the syntactic meaning of possessiveness is appeared by the shape ‘s; is inquired – appears the unequivocal syntactic meaning of passiveness. 
The verifiable syntactic meaning may be of two sorts – common and subordinate. The general linguistic meaning is the meaning of the full word-class, of a portion of discourse (e.g. things – the common linguistic meaning of thingness). The subordinate linguistic meaning is the meaning of a subclass inside the same portion of discourse. For occasion, any verb has the subordinate syntactic meaning of transitivity/intransitivity, terminativeness/non-terminativeness, stativeness/non-stativeness; things have the subordinate linguistic meaning of contableness/uncountableness and animateness/inanimateness. The foremost imperative thing approximately the subordinate linguistic meaning is that it impacts the realization of syntactic categories limiting them to a subclass. In this way the subordinate linguistic meaning of countableness/uncountableness impacts the realization of the syntactic category of number as the number category is realized as it were inside the subclass of countable things, the syntactic meaning of animateness/inanimateness impacts the realization of the syntactic category of case, teminativeness/nonterminativeness - the category of tense, transitivity/intransitivity – the category of voice.
Grammatical meaning is the meaning conveyed in a sentence by word arrange and other linguistic signals. Moreover called structural meaning. Linguists recognize linguistic meaning from lexical meaning (or denotation)--that is, the lexicon meaning of an person word. Walter Hirtle notes that "a word communicating the same thought can fulfill different syntactic functions. The linguistic contrast between the throw in to toss a ball and that in a great throw has long been ascribed to a contrast of meaning not of the lexical sort depicted in lexicons, but of the more unique, formal sort depicted in language structures"
Based on the Oxford Advance Leaner’s Lexicon, lexical meaning is “the meaning of a word considered in segregation from the sentence containing it, and notwithstanding of its linguistic setting, e.g. of love in or as spoken to by loves, adored, adoring, etc”.
Concurring to the free lexicon , lexical is “the meaning of a word in connection to the physical world or to unique concepts, without reference to any sentence in which the word may happen Compare grammatical meaning, substance word.
Lexical words, too known as substance words, have concrete meaning that goes past their work in a sentence. These words allude to things, individuals, activities, depictions, or other thoughts that have more than fair a linguistic utilization. Their meaning is effortlessly distinguished by a clear concept or thing.
The categories of English words that are lexical incorporate things, descriptive words, most verbs, and numerous intensifiers. Things, for illustration, allude to indicated thoughts, individuals, places, or things. The concepts behind words like "pooch," "adore," or "Brazil," for case, are very clear.
Descriptive words depict things in well-defined ways, giving data around colors, surface, number, estimate, and so on. Moreover, qualifiers can be lexical words in the event that they particularly portray things or verbs. Since they inspire particular thoughts, descriptors like "ruddy," "rapidly," "overwhelming," or "successfully" are considered lexical.
Most verbs moreover drop into the lexical category since they allude to particular activities. For illustration, the implications of words like "think," "sing," "get it," and "bounce" are simple to get a handle on.