Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) issues in Uzbekistan
75
Número 25, 2009
turn, decreases the country’s profits, since agriculture plays a vital role in
shaping the country’s GDP.
The strategy, based on the IWRM, will provide high security for the
municipal water supply and a decrease in expenditure on water treat-
ment, because people will fight pollution more effectively.
Increasing
water effectiveness in the industrial sector and decreasing the level of
pollution by industrial wastes will favourably
impact the state of the
municipal water supply and the environment.
From a legislative point of view, Uzbekistan is more or less prepared
to implement the IWRM. The Republic of Uzbekistan’s Law on “
Wa-
ter and Water Use” adopted on 6 May, 1993 governs the water sector.
The government cabinet is responsible for the overall implementation
of the Law. The Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (MAWR)
is responsible for management of all surface water resources, the State
Committee on Geology and Mineral Resources (SCGMR) is responsi-
ble for groundwater resources, the State Committee for Nature Protec-
tion (SCNP) is responsible for water quality and natural resources man-
agement, and, finally, the Agency for Communal and Utility Service
(ACUS) is responsible for the delivery of water and wastewater services.
In addition, today, the sanitary services have to
use their resources and
efforts on cleaning the populated areas from wastes in order to maintain
clean, healthy living conditions. This, in turn, creates problems of waste
utilisation in other places, usually with harmful environmental conse-
quences. Mainstreaming the IWRM will create the opportunity to inte-
grate sustainable systems for cleaning territories, which will be directed
to minimise waste during production.
Currently, the population growth in rural areas is leading to increasing
competition for water among backyard and farm field holders (respectively
called
dehkans and
farmers), since modern irrigating networks do not take
population growth into account. That’s why the improved integration of
water resources management on local level can mitigate conflicts and con-
siderably decrease expenditure on water supply in the future.
U. Islamov, F. Maksudov & D. Maksudova
76
Documentos CIDOB, Asia
As we can see, Uzbekistan’s economy depends heavily on the availability
of water resources because of its geographic location in an arid climatic zone.
Currently, water withdrawal stands at about 2,000 m
3
per person per year;
however, taking into account the trends of population growth and industrial
development in the region, we can predict that in the future, average water
consumption per person in 2025 will decrease to 1,500 m
3
, which means
that Uzbekistan could face more and more problems if it continues with the
existing principles and approaches in the water management sector. Thus,
there is only one solution, which is the creation of a system of economical
and rational water use, leading to the survival of the country in a situation
of water shortage. These tasks require absolutely new approaches.
The global experience demonstrates that the countries located in the arid
climatic zones usually face heavy water shortage and have to deal with water
management problems. Governments that carry out the necessary assess-
ments of the emerging threat and develop effective measures are able to
reduce the consequences of water shortage and provide sustainable devel-
opment for the country. To achieve this, what is required is the Integrated
Water Resources Management (IWRM) a fundamentally new method and
approach that can harmonise all stakeholders’ activities.
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