in the growth of tourism among these places and during the given period
of time. The authors found that the infrastructure of hotels, the economic
growth, localization economies, and the funding for tourism resources have
a big effect over the previously-mentioned variability. Besides that, spa-
tial spill-over effects and the competition between the urban areas is also
important in determining spatial heterogeneity.
The purpose of the research performed by Ozturk [2016] was to identify
various factors that had impact over tourism development in 34 countries,
over the years 2005 - 2013.
The study has discovered that government
spending, and particularly expenditures on health, represents one of the most
influential components, the effect of more spending on health being positively
associated with tourism indicators. However, ecology-related factors, such
as air pollution and energy consumption, play a substantial negative role.
Finally, economic growth was proven to have a statistically significant effect
over the development of tourism as well. From the statistical perspective,
the regression has been executed using fully modified ordinary least squares
and using dynamic least squares. Particularly surprising is the fact that,
even if energy consumption has a negative effect over tourism development,
carbon dioxide emissions were found to be positively associated with tourism
indicators. Such a finding is counter-intuitive because CO
2
emissions are a
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