1. What does destruction refer?

162
. Choose the correct determination for “biological stress” as a stress factor in 
ecosystem modelling.
A) It is associated with interactions occurring among organisms, such as competition, 
herbivory, predation, parasitism, and disease. For example, individuals of the same or 
different species may compete for essential resources that are limited in supply
B) It is another disturbance, which involves the uncontrolled combustion of the biomass of 
an ecosystem. A wildfire can be ignited by people, or naturally by lightning. A severe fire 
consumes much of the biomass of an ecosystem, but even a less-severe wildfire may kill 
many organisms by scorching and poisoning by toxic gases
C) It occurs when one or more substances occur in a concentration high enough to elicit 
physiological responses in organisms, potentially causing toxicity and ecological change. 
Chemical stressors include pesticides, gases such as ozone and sulphur dioxide, and toxic 
elements such as arsenic and mercury

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D) It is caused by the release of heat (thermal energy) into the environment, which results 
in ecological stress because species vary in their tolerance of temperature extremes
E) It is a disturbance in which there is an intense exposure to kinetic energy, which causes 
damage to habitats and ecosystems. Examples include such disruptive events as a 
hurricane or tornado, a seismic sea wave (tsunami), the blast of a volcanic eruption, an 
explosion, or trampling by heavy machinery or hikers
163. What is meant by the ecological capacity of the territory?
A) the process of self-healing and self-cleaning of the natural environment
B) permissible rate of anthropogenic load on the natural environment, not leading to its 
destruction
C) the ability of the natural environment to withstand a particular anthropogenic load 
without disrupting its functions
D) permissible level of vibration and electromagnetic influence on the natural environment
E) permissible norm of anthropogenic load, contributing to the violation of the stability of 
the natural environment