Guide to English grammar

Who won? What happened? What sport(s)? Which is/are best? Which sport(s)? Whose was the idea? Whose idea was it? Where shall we go?	Word class pronoun pronoun determiner pronoun determiner pronoun determiner adverb of place
Positive expression someone something a sport, some sports one of them, some of them one of the sports, some of the sports someone's someone's somewhere

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When	When did it happen? Why are you here? How do you open it? How did they behave? How wide is it? How are you?	adverb of time adverb of reason adverb of means adverb of manner adverb of degree adjective	some time for some reason somehow
Why How

28 Question phrases

What and how can combine with other words to form phrases.
1 What can come before a noun.
What time is the next train? -Ten eleven.
What colour/color shirt was he wearing? -Blue, I think.
What kind of/type of/sort of computer have you got? -Oh, it’s just a desktop machine.
What mark is your car? -It's a BMW.

2 We use what about/how about to draw attention to something or to make a suggestion.

What about/How about all this rubbish? Who's going to take it away?
What about/How about some lunch? -Good idea.

3 How can come before an adjective or an adverb.

How old is this building? -About two hundred years old.
How far did you walk? -Miles.
How often does the machine need servicing? -Once a year.
How long can you stay? -Not long, I'm afraid.
It can also come before many or much.
How many people live in the building? -Twelve.
How much is the cheap ticket? -Fifteen pounds seventy-five.

NOTE
“How come” is an informal phrase meaning “why”. There is no inversion.

How come all these papers have been left here? -I'm in the middle of sorting them out.

29 Answering questions

1 How long is an answer?
Some questions you can answer in a word or phrase, but others need to be answered in one or more complete sentences. Here are some examples from real conversations.
Didn’t you hear about the bank robbery? -No.
I've got a hat. -What color? -Brown.
Do you like school? -Yes, I do. It's OK.
You haven't got central heating? -No, we haven't.
How long do you practise? -About half an hour.
Why did you sell the car? -It was giving me too much trouble. I was spending more money on it than it was worth spending money on.
How is Lucy? -She's a lot better now. In fact I think she'll be back at school next week.
It is usually enough to give the relevant piece of information without repeating all the words of the question. There is no need to say “No, I didn't hear about the bank robbery”, or “The hat is brown” in answer to these questions.

NOTE

1. 
   We can repeat the words of the question to give emphasis, e.g. when we deny something.
   

Did you break this glass? -No, I did not break that glass.

2. 
   There is not always a direct grammatical link between a question and answer. The important thing is that the information is relevant.
   

What time will you be home? -Well, these meetings go on a long time.
Here the questioner would realize that the meeting going on a long time means that “I will be home late”.

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3. 
   The hearer may be unable or unwilling to answer.
   

What's your favourite/favorite subject? -I haven't really got a favorite subject.
Are you a member of this club? –Why do you ask?
Where are my keys? –You ought to know where they are.

2 Yes/no short answers

1 We can sometimes answer with a simple yes or no, but English speakers often use a short answer like Yes, I do or No, we haven't. A short answer relates to the subject and auxiliary in the question. The patterns are “yes + pronoun + auxiliary” and “no + pronoun + auxiliary + n't”.