Лексикология английского языка

Vocabulary

abode место жительства

affixation аффиксация, деривация

coining сoздание

compound word сложное слово

composition словосложение

conversion конверсия

curtailed сокращённый

deduce выводить

facilitate содействовать

nonce-word слова, образованные для данного случая

nuance оттенок

radical корень (слова)

readjustment перегруппировка; приспособление

root word корневые, простые корневые слова

shortening syn contraction сокращение

slyly тайком, украдкой

stem основа

subtle трудный, запутанный

word-building словообразование

Lecture 7

Word-Building (continued)

(pp. 104 – 120)

1. 
   Composition.
   
   1. 
      Groups and subgroups of compounds. Productive and non-productive types of composition.
      
   2. 
      Semantic aspects of compound words.
      
   3. 
      A compound and a word-combination.
      
2. 
   Semi-affixes.
   
3. 
   Shortening (Contraction)
   
4. 
   Onomotopoeia.
   
5. 
   Reduplication.
   
6. 
   Back-formation (Reversion).
   

1. 
   Composition
   

This type of word-building, in which new words are produced by combining two or more stems, is one of the three most productive types in Modern English, the other two are conversion and affixation. Compounds, though certainly fewer in quantity than derived or root words, still represent one of the most typical and specific features of English word-structure.

1. 
   Groups and subgroups of compounds.
   

There are at least three aspects of composition that present special interest.

The first is the structural aspect. Compounds are not homogenous in structure. Traditionally three types are distinguished: neutral, morphological and syntactic.

In neutral compounds the process of compounding is realized without any linking elements, by a mere juxtaposition of two stems, as in blackbird, shop-window, bedroom, tallboy (высокий комод), etc. There are three subtypes of neutral compounds depending on the structure of the constituent stems.

The examples above represent the subtype which may be described as simple neutral compounds: they consist of simple affixless stems.

Compounds which have affixes in their structure are called derived or derivational compounds. E.g. blue-eyed, golden-haired, lady-killer (сердцеед), film-goer (киноман), music-lover (меломан), first-nighter (театрал, посещающий театральные премьеры), late-comer (опоздавший), newcomer (новичок), early-riser (ранняя пташка), evil-doer (злодей). The productivity of this type is confirmed by a considerable number of comparatively recent formations, such as teenager, babysitter, doubledecker (a ship or bus with two decks). Numerous nonce-words are coined on this pattern which is another proof of its high productivity, e.g. (goose-flesher (“murder story” – триллер).

The third subtype of neutral compounds is called contracted compounds. These words have a shortened (contracted) stem in their structure: TV-set, V-day (Victory day), G-man (Government man – FBI agent), T-shirt, etc.