Victorian age literature

1.2. Victorian literature and culture.
The reign of Queen Victoria in Britain is one of the most important and even revolutionary periods. The second half of the 19th century was a period of rapid change in all areas of British life, and this should be reflected in architecture . Let ’s talk about what the Victorian style is in architecture, its unique features and what options it has.
In 1837, the young Queen Victoria ascended the throne. He passed various tests, was in power for 60 years and was able to make the country prosperous, civilized, civilized. years - 1837 to 1901 is not a homogeneous period of history. During this period , rapid development of industry, culture and economy was observed . Over the years, Britain has completely changed its way of life, its mentality. The country will increase its influence in Asia and Africa and become one of the most powerful empires in the world. Development slowed in the last years of Victorian rule, but many of the achievements of that period are still relevant for modern Britain. who was an active promoter of strict morality , probably the protagonist of this period. He also considered important technical modernization and cultural development. Therefore, English literature and architecture flourished rapidly during this period⁵.
Features of Queen Victoria’s reign are the absence of wars and the technological boom. The British are becoming a much richer state, and the growing middle class is the main locomotive of social development. During this period, education was actively developing, a phenomenon such as tourism emerged, and a new way of thinking emerged among the people of the empire . The British , who followed in the footsteps of their queen , had strong and conservative moral views, refrained from entertainment, and were industrious, all of which were another reason for the country's economic growth. A new worldview becomes the basis for success in art. Victoria’s ideological foundation was a combination of utilitarianism and evangelicalism. English literature played an important role in the culture. Typical authors of this period are C. Dickens, V. Tekerey , C. Doyle, sisters Brontelar. The pictorial concept of the period was embodied in the period before Raphael . Victorian style has a special significance in architecture for world architecture. At that time, the British paid great attention to their homes. Therefore, architecture and decoration will become a very important part of the new lifestyle.
tends to define a broad period of time characterized by strong heterogeneity . Therefore, in a strict architectural sense, such a unique phenomenon does not exist. The English-speaking countries of the time were dominated by eclectic retrospectiveism , which combined several similar but still independent movements . These are Italian style, neo-Gothic, second imperial style, Indo -Sarantin style and other varieties.
Victorian architecture , like all cultures, is filled with practicality and eclecticism. It has features such as a combination of elements from different historical periods. The buildings are created using a large number of details, rich colors, carved patterns on the facade. Towers, balconies, friezes, sloping roofs, lots of windows of different sizes, terraces, high porches with canopies, lots of buildings and decorations - all this is the Victorian era.
In architecture, the so-called Victorian style emerges in response to earlier periods - the Georgian style and the Queen Anna style, which are characterized by great determination and serenity. Queen Victorian architecture is traditionally divided into three main periods⁶:
1. Early 1835-1855. This is a neo-style, a period of passion for history. Meanwhile , there are options with prefixes of unpopular styles such as Gothic, Rococo, Moorish, Byzantine, Chinese.
2. Middle 1855-1870. It was at this time that the Raphaelist movement, the work of the artist V. Morris, flourished. This period has a return to the originality and value of manual processing, unlike the previous period in which mass-produced products predominated. Once again, individuality is recognized as a core value.
3. Late 1870-1901. This period is also known as the Victorian Renaissance. There is a revision of Baroque, Gothic traditions. Architects remember the Tudors and use some 16th-century techniques in new buildings.