Yernoki cultivation technology and useful properties. Hamzaliyeva Madinabonu Fergana State University

Yernoki cultivation technology and useful properties.
Hamzaliyeva Madinabonu Fergana State University
Annotation: This article provides information on the morphological structure, technology of cultivation, medicinal properties of Yernoki plant.
Keywords: Yernoki, complex flowers, plant, inulin, agrotechnical measures, seedlings, weeds.
Yernoki (Helianthus tuberosus) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family Asteraclae. B is a plant that grows up to 1.5-2 m tall. Stems deciduous, hairy, branched upwards. The leaves are large, hard, long-banded, the leaf blade is ovoid, the margins are trimmed, the stems are opposite. In the territory of Uzbekistan it is grown in Fergana, Andijan and Namangan regions.
Yernoki (Helianthus tuberosus) is mainly used as a food plant for livestock.In medicine, the inulin substance at its end is used. It is resistant to frost and can be grown in the northern regions due to its short color. Its surface can withstand even 6 degrees below zero. When it is frozen, it can melt and regain its shape. Yernoki is more flexible than other cultivated plants in all soil-climatic conditions of Uzbekistan (except saline soils). can cause as much damage as weeds. There are reports that it has been grown for 10 years or even 40 years. But it is recommended to grow in one place for 3–4 years. When alfalfa is planted on vacant land, it is harvested 5-6 times a year, which results in the loss of pear seedlings and clears the land. The agro-technical measures used in Yernok are very close to the cultivation of potatoes. Yernoki's 25-50 gram tubers are planted. If it is cut and planted, the yield can be reduced by 25-30%. If the tubers are very large (70-80 g), it is recommended to sow the cut tubers only in spring, preferably before planting. If planted in the fall, it will not be possible to get the planned harvest.50-60 thousand tubers or 0.6-2.0 tons of seeds are sown per hectare. Depending on the climatic conditions, they are sown in two periods in late February-early March and late October-early November. Planting depth depends on the size of the seedling to be planted, it is planted in a scheme of 70 x 35 x 40 cm at a depth of 5-12 cm. After planting, the soil is plowed once or twice until the seedlings sprout. Once the seedlings are fully germinated, Kevin cultivates between the seedlings after each watering. If there are too many weeds, the rows will be cut. Yernoki absorbs more nutrients from the soil. One ton of its product removes 3 kg of nitrogen, 3.5 kg of phosphorus and 4.5 kg of potassium from the soil. Yernok fertilization is one of the most important agro-technical factors. The plant is very demanding on nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. When sowing, 1.5-20% of nitrogen fertilizers and 20-25% of phosphorus fertilizers should be applied, 30% of nitrogen fertilizers should be applied after germination, and 50% should be applied during weeding. Potassium fertilizers are applied before plowing. In general, it is recommended to feed 120-150 kg of nitrogen, 70-80 kg of phosphorus and 60 kg of potassium fertilizers per hectare during the growing season. Plant nutrition is based on irrigation. The soil is watered 8-10 times during the growing season. The growth period is 120-200 days. In the second and third years of Yernoki's life he begins to rain 2-3 times in early spring, growing fodder. In the second and third years, the ground cover grows, so the inter-row is cultivated, fertilized, and the excess plants are removed. Yernoki can be propagated not only from the end, but also from the stem cuttings. Yernoki stalks are harvested in Uzbekistan in late October, and the stalks are harvested in late November with silage harvesters. Harvesting lasts until winter. Earthworms are infected with white rot, as well as beetles and beetles. They should be sprayed with anabasine sulphate. It is the most effective herb in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis, osteochondrosis, kidney disease, influenza, angina, oncological diseases.
Conclusion:
The beneficial properties of the plant are many. It is used to lower blood pressure, gastrointestinal disorders, loss of appetite, nausea. It is being planted and a higher yield is being obtained from it.
References:
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Musayev BS "Fertilizer application system", Tashkent, 1998.
Musayev B. S. Agrochemistry. Tashkent, 2001