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s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o b o t a n y • n u m b e r 9 8
Catalogue of
Seed Plants
of the
West Indies
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
and Mark T. Strong
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s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o b o t a n y • n u m b e r 9 8
Catalogue of
Seed Plants
of the
West Indies
Pedro Acevedo- Rodríguez
and Mark T. Strong
washington d.c.
2012
ABSTRACT
Acevedo- Rodríguez, Pedro and Strong, Mark T. Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian
Contributions to Botany, number 98, xxv + 1192 pages, 3 maps, 4 tables, 2012.—The catalogue enumerates
all taxa of Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons, and Monocotyledons occurring in the West Indies archipelago
excluding the islands off the coast of Venezuela (Netherlands Antilles, Venezuelan Antilles, Tobago, and
Trinidad). For each accepted taxon, nomenclature (including synonyms described from the West Indies and
their references to publication), distribution in the West Indies (including endemic, native, or exotic status),
common names, and a numerical listing of literature records are given. Type specimen citations are provided
for accepted names and synonyms of Cyperaceae, Sapindaceae, and some selected genera in several families
including the Apocynaceae (Plumeria), Aquifoliaceae (Ilex), and Santalaceae (Dendrophthora). More than
30,000 names were treated comprising 208 families, 2,033 genera, and 12,279 taxa, which includes exotic
and commonly cultivated plants. The total number of indigenous taxa was approximately 10,470 of which
71% (7,446 taxa) are endemic to the archipelago or part of it. Fifteen new names, 37 combinations, and 7
lectotypifications are validated. A searchable website of this catalogue, maintained and continuously updated
at the Smithsonian Institution, is available at http://botany.si.edu/antilles/WestIndies/.
KEY WORDS
Bahamas Archipelago, Botany, Caribbean, Common Names, Conservation, Dicotyledons, Distribu-
tion, Diversity, Endemism, Floristics, Greater Antilles, Gymnosperms, Lesser Antilles, Monocotyle-
dons, Nomenclature, Taxonomy, West Indies.
Cover images, from left to right: Hedyosmum arborescens Sw., Cordia sebestena L., Ravenia urbanii
Engl. (Photographer: P. Acevedo)
Published by SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SCHOLARLY PRESS
P.O. Box 37012, MRC 957
Washington, D.C. 20013- 7012
www.scholarlypress.si.edu
Text and images in this publication may be protected by copyright and other restrictions or owned by individuals and
entities other than, and in addition to, the Smithsonian Institution. Fair use of copyrighted material includes the use of
protected materials for personal, educational, or noncommercial purposes. Users must cite author and source of content,
must not alter or modify content, and must comply with all other terms or restrictions that may be applicable. Users are
responsible for securing permission from a rights holder for any other use.
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro.
Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies / Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez and Mark T. Strong.
p. cm. — (Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 98)
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Botany—West Indies. 2. Phanerogams—West Indies—Classification. I. Strong, Mark T. II. Title. III. Series:
Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 98.
QK225.A25 2011
581.9729—dc23
2011036134
ISSN: 0081- 024X (print); 1938-2812 (online)
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Perma-
nence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48–1992.
Contents
INTRODUCTION
iv
Map 1. West Indies and Surrounding Continents
iv
Map 2. Lesser Antilles
v
Diversity
v
Map 3. Greater Antilles
vi
Table 1. Seed Plant Floristic and Endemism Estimates
per
Island
vi
Table 2. Ten Most Diverse Families of Seed Plants Native
to the West Indies
vii
Table 3. Ten Most Species-Rich Genera in the West Indies
vii
Symbols and Abbreviations Used in the Catalogue
vii
Table 4. Number of Total Taxa in Each Family
viii
NEW NAMES, COMBINATIONS, AND TYPIFICATIONS
MADE IN THE CATALOGUE
ix
CONTRIBUTORS AND REVIEWERS
xi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
xii
REFERENCES CITED IN THE CATALOGUE
xiii
CATALOGUE OF SEED PLANTS OF THE WEST INDIES
1
LIST OF GENERA BY FAMILY
948
CHECKLISTS BY LOCATION
975
Checklist of the Bahamas
975
Checklist of the Cayman Islands
987
Checklist of Cuba
995
Checklist of Hispaniola
1052
Checklist of Jamaica
1098
Checklist of Puerto Rico
1127
Checklist of the Virgin Islands
1154
Checklist of the Lesser Antilles
1168
Introduction
T
he present publication represents more than a decade of arduous work devoted to the compilation and revision
of scientific and common names of the taxa of seed plants known to occur in the West Indies. The West Indies
as defined in a previous paper by Acevedo- Rodríguez and Strong (2008) include three main archipelagos that
divide the Caribbean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean (Map. 1), i.e., the Bahamas Archipelago (Bahamas Islands +
Turks and Caicos Islands), the Greater Antilles (Map 3), and the Lesser Antilles (Map 2). The project originally started as
a compilation of scientific names once used for the seed plants of the Greater Antilles, and it was thought to constitute the
starting point for the Flora of the Greater Antilles project. While funding for such an ambitious project never materialized,
the checklist slowly increased its scope to include the Bahamas, the Lesser Antilles, and common names for plants from
the region. Due to the lack of time and resources, we have not included records from the islands off the coast of Venezuela
(Netherland Antilles, Venezuelan Antilles, Trinidad, and Tobago).
The Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies constitutes the first modern effort to account for all the names (sci-
entific and vernacular) of seed plants known to occur in the Bahamas Archipelago, the Greater Antilles, and the Lesser
Antilles. We have compiled binomials treated in major floristic works and taxonomic revisions pertinent to the West
Indies. Additional names were compiled from specimen records at the Smithsonian Institution (U.S. National Herbarium)
MaP 1. West Indies and Surrounding Continents.
N U M B E R 9 8
•
v
and other herbaria, botanical articles, the International
Plant Names Index (IPNI), Kew Gardens World Checklist
of Selected Plant Families (WCSPF), and the International
Legume Database and Information Service (ILDIS). Once
the initial compilation was completed, we updated the no-
menclature and distributions according to modern mono-
graphs, floras of the New World, and from catalogues such
as WCSPF and ILDIS. Families lacking modern treatments
were then sent to various specialists for extensive revision
(see list of contributors). This catalogue is accompanied by
a searchable website maintained at the Smithsonian Insti-
tution (http://botany.si.edu/antilles/WestIndies/), which is
continuously updated to incorporate the latest taxonomi-
cal concepts and newly described taxa. The catalogue and
the website are designed to work together. The catalogue
provides rough distributions outside of the West Indies for
every accepted scientific name and type information for
some groups and selected species, e.g., Cyperaceae. The
website allows for numerous searches by family, genus,
species, common names, island, and endemism status. In
addition, it contains images of numerous accepted species,
and in the future will have distribution maps and citation
of exsiccatae. Ultimately, we plan to provide type speci-
men information for all accepted species.
For ease of use, this project (catalogue and web pages)
presents families in alphabetical order following the An-
giosperm Phylogeny Group (APG- III) family concepts.
Genera, species, and synonyms are also arranged in alpha-
betical order. Accepted names are in bold face and syn-
onyms italicized.
Where type specimen information is given, herbarium
acronyms follow Index Herbariorum (http://sweetgum
.nybg.org/ih/). Genera flagged with a single (*) asterisk are
endemic while those with a (**) double asterisk are nearly
endemic to the West Indies. Nearly endemic genera are those
where the vast majority of its species are endemic to the re-
gion under consideration. In most cases, basionyms are pro-
vided only for native species. A number was given to each
reference cited and these correspond to the numbers listed
under each accepted name. A species was excluded if no
specimen record was found to substantiate it or it was based
on a secondary reference. These are listed alphabetically
at the end of each family treatment. In order to facilitate
searches of genera (which are currently recognized in fami-
lies different from their traditional circumscription), an in-
dex to generic names is provided at the end of the catalogue.
The catalogue provides distributions of the accepted
taxa within the Greater and the Lesser Antilles, but not
within the Bahamas. Distributions of taxa known to oc-
cur in both Dominican Republic and Haiti are presented
as Hispaniola. If taxa are only known for either country,
then the country name is indicated in the distribution. En-
demism in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands is accounted
altogether as one unit as these islands belong to the bio-
geographical unit called the Puerto Rican bank (Acevedo-
Rodríguez et al. 1996).
The following distribution categories are recognized
in this work: native, endemic, exotic, and cultivated. These
categories are sometimes difficult to apply as conclusive
data on species origin may be missing. The term exotic is
used to denote species known to be introduced that seem
to be common or naturalized. The term cultivated is re-
stricted to species known only under cultivation and not
self-perpetuating.
Diversity
The West Indies are considered one of the biodiver-
sity hotspots with high priority for conservation in the
World due to its biological richness and the fragility of the
MaP 2. Lesser Antilles.
v i
•
S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O B O T A N Y
ecosystem (Myers et al., 2000; Mittermeier et al., 2004).
In 2008, Acevedo- Rodríguez and Strong estimated for
the first time the total percentage of endemism exhibited
by the seed plants of this region to be nearly 72%. Ad-
ditional years of data refinements and analyses confirm
our original estimates (Table 1), with a slight decrease,
and the figure is closer to 71%. Endemism is tallied by
island in the case of Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica; as
biotic region in the case of Puerto Rico and the Virgin
Islands; or as an archipelago in the case of Bahamas and
the Lesser Antilles.
The West Indies contain a total of 208 families of
seed plants of which only 183 are indigenous to the re-
gion. There are no endemic families of seed plants in the
West Indies, although in the past, Picrodendraceae and
Goetzeaceae were considered endemic. However, molecular
phylogenetic studies have shown them to be nested within
Euphorbiaceae and Solanaceae, respectively, and therefore
not meriting recognition at the family level. A list of the
ten most species-rich families is presented in Table 3, these
contributing to nearly 60% of the native taxa of the region.
There are a total of 2,034 genera of seed plants re-
ported for the West Indies, of which 1,474 are considered
indigenous, and 183 endemic (+10 nearly endemic), ac-
counting for 12.4% of generic endemism (Table 1). The
endemic genera are represented by 950 species, these con-
MaP 3. Greater Antilles.
TabLe 1. Seed Plant Floristic and Endemism Estimates per Archipelago or Island.
(Values in parentheses represent number of endemic taxa.)
Percent
of
Percent
of
Number generic Total Native endemic
Island(s)
Families
of
genera
endemism
taxa taxa taxa
Bahamas
127
507 (0)
0%
1337
1068 (101)
9.4%
Cuba
195
1210 (65)
5.3%
6567
5778 (2980)
51.3%
Hispaniola
185
1102 (31)
2.9%
5430
4433 (1881)
41.9%
Jamaica
164
810 (6)
0.7%
3175
2495 (805)
32.4%
Puerto Rico & VI
a
163
792 (1)
0.1%
3243
2108 (292)
13.6%
Lesser Antilles
163
765 (1)
0.1%
2656
1946 (263)
13.8%
West Indies
183
1474 (182)
12.4%
12,200
10,401 (7383)
71%
a
VI = Virgin Islands.
N U M B E R 9 8
•
v i i
tributing only 9% of the total native seed plant diversity
in the region. The most diverse genera in the West Indies
are those with wide distributions, ranging throughout the
Neotropics. A list of the ten most species-rich indigenous
genera is provided in Table 3. Most of the taxa in these
genera are endemic and correspond to the most diverse
families in the West Indies.
The current estimate for total number of seed plant
taxa (species and infra species level) in the West Indies is
12,280, a number that includes exotics and commonly
cultivated plants. The total number of indigenous taxa
however, is approximately 10,470 of which 7,446 are
endemic to the archipelago or part of it, contributing to
71% endemism for the West Indies.
symbols anD abbreviations UseD
in the CatalogUe
* = Endemic genus
** = Nearly endemic
CeNBIO = Centro Nacional de Biodiversidad de Cuba.
IUCN = International Union for Conservation of Nature
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez and Mark T. Strong, Department of Botany,
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 166,
P.O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA.
Correspondence: P. Acevedo, acevedop@si.edu.
Manuscript received 7 February 2011; accepted 12 July 2011.
TabLe 2. Ten Most Diverse Families of Seed Plants Native to the West Indies.
(Numbers indicate taxa (species plus infra species) or genera.)
Number Number
Number Number
of native
of endemic
of native
of endemic
Family
taxa taxa
Family
genera genera
Rubiaceae
856 730 Asteraceae
145 41
Asteraceae
660
489
Orchidaceae
111
12
Orchidaceae
644 437 Poaceae
96 8
Leguminosae
587
319
Rubiaceae
89
27
Myrtaceae
530 301 Fabaceae
89 10
Euphorbiaceae 398 314 Euphorbiaceae
56 11
Melastomataceae 429 373 Scrophulariaceae 31 4
Poaceae
435 130 Malvaceae
31 2
Cyperaceae
329 91 Melastomataceae 28 3
Urticaceae
256 235 Apocynaceae
23 2
TabLe 3. Ten Most Species-Rich Genera in the West Indies.
Native endemic Percent
Genus
taxa taxa endemism
Eugenia
228 207 91%
Pilea
212 202 95%
Psychotria
127 103 80%
Rondeletia
145 145 100%
Calyptranthes 126 122 97%
Miconia
125 95 76%
Lepanthes
121 119 98%
Peperomia 104 69 67%
Varronia
66 59 89%
Rhynchospora
105 38 36%
v i i i
•
S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O B O T A N Y
TabLe 4. Number of Taxa in each Family.
(Total/native/endemic.)
Acanthaceae
181/126/110
Adoxaceae
8/7/7
Aizoaceae
8/6/2
Alismataceae
17/17/1
Alstroemeriaceae
2/2/0
Amaranthaceae
88/65/15
Amaryllidaceae
46/22/14
Anacardiaceae
35/28/22
Annonaceae
51/46/41
Apiaceae
23/9/3
Apocynaceae
255/2246/191
Apodanthaceae 1/1/0
Aquifoliaceae
40/40/34
Araceae
74/46/14
Araliaceae
51/39/29
Araucariaceae
5/0/0
Arecaceae
165/136/121
Aristolochiaceae
39/32/27
Asparagaceae
64/39/38
Asteraceae
773/660/489
Balanophoraceae
2/2/1
Balsaminaceae
2/0/0
Basellaceae
4/1/0
Bataceae
1/1/0
Begoniaceae
55/42/39
Berberidaceae
1/0/0
Bignoniaceae
121/98/83
Bixaceae
2/1/0
Boraginaceae
208/198/160
Brassicaceae
43/13/4
Bromeliaceae
147/142/78
Brunelliaceae
4/4/4
Burmanniaceae
9/9/2
Burseraceae
24/23/21
Buxaceae
45/45/45
Cabombaceae
3/3/0
Cactaceae
110/96/71
Calceolariaceae
3/0/0
Calophyllaceae 11/9/8
Campanulaceae
64/64/57
Canellaceae
7/7/6
Cannabaceae
10/9/5
Cannaceae
6/3/0
Capparaceae
29/29/14
Caprifoliaceae 7/4/3
Caricaceae
1/0/0
Caryophyllaceae
22/19/6
Casuarinaceae
4/0/0
Celastraceae
84/84/71
Ceratophyllaceae
4/3/0
Chloranthaceae
6/6/6
Chrysobalanaceae
13/11/3
Cistaceae
2/2/1
Cleomaceae
17/12/5
Clethraceae
19/19/18
Clusiaceae
46/46/42
Colchicaceae
1/0/0
Combretaceae
30/23/16
Commelinaceae
30/22/5
Connaraceae
6/6/3
Convolvulaceae
157/135/63
Costaceae
10/5/1
Crassulaceae
18/0/0
Cucurbitaceae
40/23/10
Cunoniaceae
2/2/1
Cupressaceae
12/6/6
Cycadaceae
3/1/1
Cyclanthaceae
6/5/3
Cymodoceaceae
2/2/0
Cyperaceae
360/329/91
Cyrillaceae
11/11/10
Dichapetalaceae
5/5/5
Dilleniaceae
19/18/1
Dioscoreaceae
35/26/23
Dipsacaceae
1/0/0
Droseraceae
5/4/1
Ebenaceae
18/17/13
Elaeocarpaceae
19/19/8
Elatinaceae
2/2/1
Ericaceae
55/53/50
Eriocaulaceae
31/31/25
Erythroxylaceae
33/32/25
Euphorbiaceae
431/398/314
Fagaceae
5/1/1
Frankeniaceae
1/1/1
Garryaceae
1/1/1
Gentianaceae
35/33/20
Geraniaceae
10/1/0
Gesneriaceae
134/124/114
Goodeniaceae
4/2/1
Haemodoraceae
3/3/1
Haloragaceae
9/7/1
Heliconiaceae
10/2/1
Hernandiaceae
5/5/4
Hydrocharitaceae
17/12/0
Hydroleaceae
2/2/1
Hypericaceae 24/23/20
Hypoxidaceae
5/4/1
Icacinaceae
6/6/5
Iridaceae
17/8/1
Juglandaceae
2/1/1
Juncaceae
8/8/1
Juncaginaceae
1/1/0
Krameriaceae
1/1/0
Lacistemataceae
1/1/0
Lamiaceae
229/176/138
Lauraceae
75/71/61
Lecythidaceae
6 /1/0
Leguminosae (Fabaceae)
849/588/320
Lentibulariaceae
30/30/13
Linaceae
8/6/3
Linderniaceae
20/16/11
Loasaceae
5/5/2
Loganiaceae
9/8/2
Loranthaceae
38/38/37
Lythraceae
45/34/19
Magnoliaceae
16/14/14
Malpighiaceae
154/147/130
Malvaceae
276/194/82
Marantaceae
10/3/1
Marcgraviaceae
15/14/13
Martyniaceae
2 /2/0
Mayacaceae
2/2/1
Melastomataceae
439/429/373
Meliaceae
33/24/10
Menispermaceae
17/15/13
Menyanthaceae
2/2/1
Molluginaceae
10/9/7
Moraceae
55/32/15
Moringaceae
1/0/0
Muntingiaceae
1/0/0
Musaceae
5/0/0
Myricaceae
12/12/10
Myristicaceae
2/0/0
Myrtaceae
559/530/301
Nartheciaceae
1/1/0
Nelumbonaceae
2/1/0
Nyctaginaceae
50/46/33
Nymphaeaceae
13/11/1
Ochnaceae
24/22/17
Olacaceae
4/4/2
Oleaceae
38/25/21
Onagraceae
34/30/7
Orchidaceae
648/644/437
Orobanchaceae
15/15/4
Oxalidaceae
17/14/5
Pandanaceae
8/0/0
Papaveraceae
5/3/0
Passifloraceae
77/66/38
Pedaliaceae
1/0/0
Pentaphylacaceae
41/41/39
Phrymaceae
1/0/0
Phyllanthaceae
131/119/100
Phytolaccaceae
10/9/2
Picramniaceae
11/11/8
Picrodendraceae
1/1/1
Pinaceae
7/5/5
Piperaceae
169/162/116
Pittosporaceae
1/0/0
Plantaginaceae
63/44/22
Plumbaginaceae
6/3/2
Poaceae
664/435/130
Podocarpaceae
6/5/5
Podostemaceae
4/4/1
Polemoniaceae
2/1/0
Polygalaceae
35/35/24
Polygonaceae
103/83/70
Pontederiaceae
11/9/0
Portulacaceae
27/25/14
Potamogetonaceae
10/9/0
Primulaceae
110/105/92
Proteaceae
3/0/0
Putranjivaceae
10/9/7
Ranunculaceae
14/11/7
Rhamnaceae
82/78/71
Rhizophoraceae
6/6/4
Rosaceae
52/21/18
Rubiaceae
887/850/725
Ruppiaceae
3/3/0
Rutaceae
111/91/74
Sabiaceae
7/7/7
Salicaceae
99/89/72
Santalaceae
61/61/45
Sapindaceae
106/100/69
Sapotaceae
65/59/45
Sarraceniaceae
2/0/0
Saxifragaceae
2/0/0
Schisandraceae 10/10/9
Schlegeliaceae
4/4/3
Schoepfiaceae
11/11/10
Scrophulariaceae
17/11/8
Simaroubaceae
19/19/13
Siparunaceae
1/1/1
Smilacaceae
17/15/8
Solanaceae
183/150/101
Staphyleaceae
4/3/2
Stegnospermataceae
1/1/0
Strelitziaceae
1/0/0
Styracaceae
4/4/3
Surianaceae
1/1/0
Symplocaceae
18/18/17
Tamaricaceae
3/0/0
Theaceae
18/18/18
Thymelaeaceae
26/26/24
Tovariaceae
1/1/1
Tropaeolaceae
1/0/0
Typhaceae
1/1/0
Ulmaceae
3/3/2
Urticaceae
265/245/236
Verbenaceae
101/89/57
Violaceae
14/11/10
Vitaceae
24/16/8
Xanthorrhoeaceae
6/0/0
Xyridaceae
17/17/8
Zamiaceae
6/5/4
Zingiberaceae
22/7/5
Zygophyllaceae
8/6/2
New Names, Combinations, and
Typifications Made in the Catalogue
Anastraphia sessilis (Alain) Ventosa & V.A. Funk, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Aristolochia oblongata Jacq. subsp. maestrensis (R. Rankin) Acev.- Rodr., comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Bunchosia urbaniana
Acev.- Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
Cardiospermum corindum L. var. leptocarpum
(Radlk .) Ferrucci, comb. & stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
Cenchrus orientalis
(Rich.) Morrone subsp. triflorum (Nees ex Steud.) Acev.- Rodr. & M.T. Strong, comb. &
stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
Chionanthus bumelioides (Griseb.) Stearn subsp. lanceolatus (Knobl.) Acev.- Rodr., comb. & stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . 616
Clidemia eggersii
Michelangeli & Bécquer comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Clidemia rubrinervis (Naudin) Griseb. subsp. divaricata (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Michelangeli, Bécquer,
& Acev.- Rodr., comb. & stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
Coccoloba alainii Acev.- Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770
Coulteria linnaei
(Griseb.) Acev.- Rodr., comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Croton brittonii Acev.- Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Cyperus ekmanii Kük. (lectotypification) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Cyperus flavamariscus Griseb. (lectotypification). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Deguelia rariflora
(Mart. ex Benth.) G.P. Lewis & Acev.- Rodr., comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. subsp. elaeagnoides (Rudolphi ex Ledeb. & Adlerstam) Acev.- Rodr., comb.
& stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876
Duranta arida Britton & P. Wilson subsp. domingensis (Urb.) Acev.- Rodr., comb. & stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932
Encyclia brevifolia (Jenn.) Ackerman & Múj. Benítez, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
Epidendrum caribiorum Ackerman & Acev.- Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. bahamensis (Millsp.) Govaerts, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Euploca microphylla
(Sw. ex Wikstr.) Feuillet, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Euploca pedicellaris
(Urb. & Ekman) Feuillet, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Galium guadalupense (Spreng.) Govaerts, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
Goodyera corniculata (Rchb. f.) Ackerman, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
Inga sastreana Acev.- Rodr., S. Carrington & T.D. Penn., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Justicia grisebachiana Acev.- Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Justicia stearnii V.A.W. Graham var. maestrensis (Urb.) Acev.- Rodr. comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nutt.) H. Hara subsp. angustissima (Helwig) Acev.- Rodr., comb. & stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . 621
Lycianthes testacea (O.E. Schulz) S. Knapp, comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904
Machaerina effusa (Griseb.) M.T. Strong, comb. & stat. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Malaxis dodii Acev.- Rodr. & Ackerman, nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
Maytenus ekmaniana Acev.- Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Metastelma alainii Acev.- Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Metastelma sigmoideum (Correll) Acev.- Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Metastelma woodsonii Acev.- Rodr., nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Micranthemum longipes (Urb.) Acev.- Rodr., comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Minuartia ekmaniana (Urb.) Acev.- Rodr., comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
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