All languages have a variety of words referring to numbers of things



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NUMBER All languages have a variety of words referring to numbers of things: one, two, many, few, six-point-three, half. two million. Many languages also make grammatical distinctions between different numbers of things, For example, in English most nouns come in two forms, depending on whether we wish to refer to just one thing, or many of them: dog and dogs, child and children, foot and feet (but there are a few exceptions like sheep). English pronouns show a similar contrast: I versus we and he/she/it versus they. English is thus said to have two ‘numbers’ - ‘singular’ and ‘plural’. Some languages do not indicate number grammatically at all, whereas other languages have more than two numbers. Sanskrit, for example, had three numbers, corresponding to singular, dual (two things) and plural. Other languages with three numbers have a slightly different system: they have different forms for one thing (singular), a few SON Barcha tillarda buyumlarning miqdorini bildiruvchi koʻplab soʻzlar mavjud; bir, ikki, koʻp, kam, olti butun uch, yarim, ikki million. Koʻpchilik tillarda buyumlarning miqdorini bildirishda turli taffovutlar mavjud. Misol uchun ingliz tilida biz buyumlarni birlik yoki koʻplik shaklini nazarda tutishimizga koʻra, otlar asosan ikki xil shaklda keladi: it/itlar, bola/bolalar, oyoq/oyoqlar (ammo qoʻy kabi soʻzlarning koʼpligini yasashda bir qancha istisnolar mavjud). Olmoshlarda ham xuddi shunday taffovutlar mavjud: men va biz, u va ular. Shu sababli, ingliz tilida miqdor ikki shaklda-birlik va koʼplik shaklda namoyon boladi. Baʼzi tillarda grammatik jihatdan miqdor soʻzlar umuman mavjud emas, vaholanki, boshqa tillarda miqdorni bildiruvchi shakllar ikkitadan ortiqni tashkil qiladi. Misol uchun Sanskrit tilida 3 ta miqdor tushunchasi mavjud: birlik, qoʻsh (ikkita buyum) va koʻplik. things ('paucal) and many things (plural). Fijian has four numbers for pronouns: singular ('I'), dual (we two), trial (we three) and plural. It is important to note that, many other grammatical notions, number does not correspond exactly to the number of objects referred to. For example,nouns which appear to be singular may refer to morethan one object ( as in the English sentence The board have decided to accept the proposal, where board is singular, but takes have, the plural form of the verb). Conversely, some nouns such as scissors appear to be plural, but can refer to a single object. Miqdorni bildiruvchi shaklllar uchta boʼlgan tillarda tizim biroz boshqacharoq: ularda yakka narsalar uchun alohida shakl (birlik), ozgina narsalar uchun alohida (paucal) va koʻp narslalar uchun alohida (koʻplik) shakl mavjud. Fiji tilida olmoshning toʻrtta miqdor shakli mavjud: birlik (men), qoʻsh (biz ikkimiz), uchtalik (biz uchalamiz) va koʻplik. Shuni ham taʼkidlab oʻtish lozimki, koʻpchilik grammatik tushunchalar kabi sonlar ham baʼzan oʻzlari ifodalagan buyumning miqdorini bildirmaydi. Masalan, otlar koʻrinishidan birlik shaklda boʻlib aslida koʻplik maʼno ifodalashi mumkin ("Boshqaruv kengashi taklifni qabul qildi" jumlasida kengash birlikda boʼlsa ham koʻplikdagi feʼlni qabul qilgan. Boshqa tomondan esa, qaychi kabi otlar koʻplik shaklda tursa ham, birlikni ifodalaydi. DONE BY: KURBONOVA GULMERA. 219-GROUP
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