Appendix eight: grfvs plant communities
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| Appendix eight: GRFVS plant communities MARCH 2010 206 Flora and Vegetation Survey GERALDTON
REGIONAL Coastal Acacia rostellifera low shrubland occurs close to the coast, from behind the foredunes to various distances inland but generally on primary dunes. Myoporum insulare, Olearia axillaris, Scaevola crassifolia and Spinifex longifolius are other characteristic species of this plant community. A variant of this community, shown in Plate A8.8.4, is dominated by Melaleuca huegelii, and occurs near the southern end of Tarcoola Beach. Small areas of Melaleuca lanceolata, illustrated in Plate A8.8.5, are another variant within this community. Both of these variants also show affinities with plant community 10 Near Coastal: Acacia rostellifera shrubland. Area in GRFVS: % of GRFVS area: Quadrats: GRV0801, 03, 05, 16, 46, 50
546.25 ha 8.86
(6) NVIS description: Shrubland, Open Shrubland, Open Chenopod Shrubland, Open Vineland, Open Tussock Grassland Keighery description: Shrubland, Low Shrubland, Open Shrubland, Open Heath Muir description: Low Scrub B, Open Low Scrub B, Heath B The following common species were recorded: Tall shrubs: *Lycium ferocissimum Mid shrubs: Acacia rostellifera, Myoporum insulare, Olearia axillaris, Rhagodia preissii subsp.
obovata, Scaevola crassifolia, Stylobasium spathulatum Low shrubs: Rhagodia latifolia subsp. recta, Tetragonia implexicoma, Threlkeldia diffusa, Zygophyllum fruticulosum Climbers: Clematis linearifolia Grasses: Austrostipa elegantissima, *Ehrharta longiflora, Spinifex longifolius Herbs: Acanthocarpus preissii, *Anagallis arvensis, *Brassica tournefortii, Calandrinia polyandra, Carpobrotus virescens, *Euphorbia terracina, *Reichardia tingitana, *Sonchus oleraceus Landform: Gentle slope, dune Geology: Quindalup soil system, in the following subsystems, both of which are deep Aeolian calcareous sand and minor limestone: • Quindalup Central 1 frontal plain Phase soil subsystem: 221Qu_1Qs1 low lying plain adjoining foredune or beach • Quindalup Central stable parabolic dune Phase1 soil subsystem: 221Qu_1Qp1 low stable parabolic dunes with relief 5-15 m. Surface rock: None Soil:
White sand % Cover leaf litter: 10-90 % Cover bare ground: 2-50 % Weed cover: 2-10 8. Coastal: Acacia rostellifera low shrubland (cAr) Appendix eight: GRFVS plant communities MARCH 2010 Flora and Vegetation Survey
REGIONAL 207 Plate A8.8.1: Photo direction: SE
Photographer: L Atkins Plate A8.8.2: Photo direction: SE
Photographer: L Atkins Plate A8.8.3: Photo direction: E
Location: 263695 E, 6835412 N, Oakajee
Photographer: J. Nelson Plate A8.8.4: Photo direction: S
Location: 268510 E, 6809147N, Tarcoola Beach
Photographer: J. Nelson Notes:
This plant community occurs along the entire coastline of GRFVS area where there is existing native vegetation. Further inland from the Coastal Acacia rostellifera low shrubland plant community, the vegetation is taller, often has less species and has been determined to be a different plant community (10 Near Coastal: Acacia rostellifera shrubland). However the boundary between these plant communities is not clear and often grades from one to the other. Floristically this group is closely allied with the other coastal and near coastal plant communities, and can be differentiated by the generally low stature (<2m high) of the dominant species (Acacia rostellifera), and the frequent occurrence of Myoporum insulare, Olearia axillaris, Carpobrotus virescens, Scaevola crassifolia and Spinifex longifolius, which are generally not found further inland. In areas without these characteristic species, the vegetation is more likely to be plant community 10 Near Coastal: Acacia rostellifera shrubland. Appendix eight: GRFVS plant communities MARCH 2010 208 Flora and Vegetation Survey GERALDTON
REGIONAL Plate A8.8.5: Photo direction: N
Location: 263784 E, 6813595N, Point Moore
Photographer: J. Nelson Appendix eight: GRFVS plant communities MARCH 2010 Flora and Vegetation Survey
REGIONAL 209 The Coastal Acacia rostellifera / Eucalyptus spp. plant community occurs on coastal sand. The Eucalyptus species are commonly the mallees E. oraria and E. obtusiflora, singly or in combination. Floristically this community is allied with the other Acacia rostellifera communities but is differentiated on structure, being dominated by mallee eucalypts. Area in GRFVS: % of GRFVS area: Quadrats: GRV0828 12.47 ha
0.20 (1)
NVIS description: Closed Mallee Forest Keighery description: Closed Tree Mallee Muir description: Dense Tree Mallee The following common species were recorded: Mallees:
Eucalyptus obtusiflora, Eucalyptus oraria Tall shrubs: Acacia rostellifera Mid shrubs: Ptilotus divaricatus Low shrubs: Zygophyllum fruticulosum Climbers: Clematis linearifolia Grasses:
*Bromus diandrus, *Ehrharta brevifolia var. cuspidata Herbs: *Euphorbia peplus, *Euphorbia terracina Landform: Flat dune Geology: Quindalup Central 1 swale Phase soil subsystem: 221Qu_1Qs2, gently undulating plains surrounded by parabolic dunes. Calcareous deep sand. Geology: Aeolian calcareous sands and minor limestone Surface rock: None
Soil: White sand % Cover leaf litter: 60 % Cover bare ground: 0-40 % Weed cover: 80 Notes:
Despite extensive survey, this plant community has only been found in one part of the GRFVS area, between Tarcoola Beach and the Greenough River. 9. Coastal: Acacia rostellifera / Eucalyptus spp. (Ar/Espp)
Appendix eight: GRFVS plant communities MARCH 2010 210 Flora and Vegetation Survey GERALDTON
REGIONAL Plate A8.9: Photo direction: SE
Location: GRV0828, Southgate Photographer: L. Atkins Appendix eight: GRFVS plant communities MARCH 2010 Flora and Vegetation Survey
REGIONAL 211 10. Near Coastal: Acacia rostellifera shrubland (ncAr) Near Coastal: Acacia rostellifera shrubland occurs on taller secondary dunes, and on exposed limestone and sandplain soils to the east where this community is often a result of disturbance. On the sandplain soils, the community probably formerly included Banksia prionotes but has been reduced to a simpler community dominated by Acacia rostellifera by clearing or grazing. Acacia rostellifera is usually the dominant species, however Acacia xanthina, Alyxia buxifolia or Chamelaucium uncinatum may be dominant or co-dominants in this community. Area in GRFVS: % of GRFVS area: Quadrats: GRV0802, 12, 17, 19, 30, 31, 32, 48, 51, 52, 54, 57, 73, 74 2258.87 ha 36.63
(14) NVIS description: Sparse Shrubland, Open Shrubland, Shrubland, Closed Shrubland Keighery description: Open Shrubland, Tall Open Shrubland, Tall Open Scrub, Tall Shrubland, Closed Tall Scrub Muir description: Open Scrub, Open Low Scrub, Scrub, Thicket, Dense Thicket The following common species were recorded: Tall shrubs: Acacia rostellifera, Acacia xanthina, Alyxia buxifolia, Anthocercis littorea, Chamelaucium uncinatum, *Lycium ferocissimum, Pimelea microcephala subsp. microcephala, Pittosporum ligustrifolium Mid shrubs: Rhagodia preissii subsp. obovata, Scaevola crassifolia, Stylobasium spathulatum Low shrubs: Muehlenbeckia adpressa, Tetragonia implexicoma, Threlkeldia diffusa Climbers: Cassytha flava, Clematis linearifolia, Commicarpus australis Grasses:
Austrostipa elegantissima, *Avena barbata, *Bromus diandrus, *Ehrharta longiflora, *Pennisetum setaceum Herbs: Acanthocarpus preissii, *Brassica tournefortii, *Euphorbia peplus, *Euphorbia terracina, *Reichardia tingitana, *Sonchus oleraceus Landform: Gentle dune, slope or ridge, flat hilltop or valley, steep riverbank Geology:
Quindalup or Tamala soil systems, on Aeolian calcareous sand or lithified Pleistocene limestone with overlying calcareous sands Surface rock: None or up to 2% limestone Soil: White, grey, yellow or orange sand, orange clayey sand % Cover leaf litter: 0-90
% Cover bare ground: 0-80
% Weed cover: 2-60
Appendix eight: GRFVS plant communities MARCH 2010 212 Flora and Vegetation Survey GERALDTON
REGIONAL Notes: This plant community merges with the lower plant community 8 Coastal: Acacia rostellifera shrubland closer to the coast and plant community 13 Sandplain: Banksia prionotes / Acacia rostellifera on the sandplain to the east. Near Coastal: Acacia rostellifera shrubland occurs on taller dunes and along higher river banks, where there is often some exposed limestone. One of the quadrat sites, close to the Greenough River, had surface soil consisting of a significant proportion of snail shells. Acacia rostellifera is a colonising species, which is probably the reason it dominates in disturbed areas.
Appendix eight: GRFVS plant communities MARCH 2010 Flora and Vegetation Survey
REGIONAL 213 Plate A8.10.5: Photo direction: SE
Photographer: L. Atkins Plate A8.10.6: Photo direction: S
Glenfield Beach
Photographer: L. Atkins Plate A8.10.1: Photo direction: SE
Location: GRV0819, Oakajee Photographer: L. Atkins Plate A8.10.2: Photo direction: SE
Location: GRV0848, Greenough River Photographer: L. Atkins Plate A8.10.3: Photo direction: SE
Location: GRV0852, Greenough Photographer: L. Atkins Plate A8.10.4: Photo direction: SE
Location: GRV0854, Buller Photographer: L. Atkins Appendix eight: GRFVS plant communities MARCH 2010 214 Flora and Vegetation Survey GERALDTON
REGIONAL The plant community Melaleuca cardiophylla /Eucalyptus spp. occurs on limestone ridges and slopes. Floristically it is closely allied with the Melaleuca cardiophylla plant community on limestone soils, but is separated structurally due to the presence of the mallees including Eucalyptus obtusiflora and E. oraria, which in places form dense stands, and E. zopherophloia. Area in GRFVS: % of GRFVS area: Quadrats: GRV0827, 61 19.95 ha 0.32
(2) NVIS description: Mallee Woodland, Open Mallee Woodland, Shrubland, Sparse Shrubland Keighery description: Open Shrub Mallee, Very Open Tree Mallee Muir description: Open Shrub Mallee, Very Open Tree Mallee The following common species were recorded: Mallees: Eucalyptus obtusiflora, E. oraria, E. zopherophloia Tall shrubs: Alyogyne hakeifolia, Grevillea argyrophylla, *Lycium ferocissimum Melaleuca cardiophylla, Melaleuca huegelii, Pittosporum ligustrifolium Mid shrubs: Lasiopetalum angustifolium Low shrubs: Rhagodia latifolia subsp. recta , Zygophyllum fruticulosum Grasses:
Austrostipa elegantissima, *Avena barbata, *Bromus diandrus, *Pennisetum setaceum
Herbs: *Anagallis arvensis *Brassica tournefortii, *Euphorbia peplus, *Hypochaeris glabra, *Medicago polymorpha, Oxalis perennans, *Petrorhagia dubia Landform: Gentle slope, steep ridge Geology:
Tamala soil system in the following subsystems: • Tamala South 2 steep rocky slopes Phase soil subsystem: 221Ta_2Tst, steep dune slopes with very common limestone outcrop. Shallow (10-50 cm) uniform brownish sands, non-calcareous. Geology: Pleistocene limestone and Aeolian sand. • Tamala South 5 shallow sand Phase soil subsystem: 221Ta_5Ts, undulating to gently undulating relict dune crests with shallow sand and common limestone rock outcrop. Shallow red and brown sands. Geology: lithified Pleistocene calcareous dune deposits and recent calcareous sand. Surface rock: Up to 5% exposed limestone, with fragments 10-40 cm. Soil:
Grey sand, grey loamy sand. % Cover leaf litter: 3-50 % Cover bare ground: 25-40 % Weed cover: 10-40 Notes:
Two quadrats of this plant community were recorded from the GRFVS area, but it occurs in other small remnant patches and a larger area on the limestone scarp north of the Buller River. It has been observed south of the GRFVS area. 11. Limestone Ridge: Melaleuca cardiophylla / Eucalyptus spp. (Mc/Espp) Appendix eight: GRFVS plant communities MARCH 2010 Flora and Vegetation Survey
REGIONAL 215 Plate A8.11.1: Photo direction: SE
Photographer: L. Atkins Plate A8.11.2: Photo direction: SE
Photographer: C. Krens Plate A8.11.3: Photo direction: S
Location: 273510 E, 6806924 N, Rudds Gully
Photographer: J. Nelson Plate A8.11.4: Photo direction: SE
Location: 269412 E, 6809472 N, Wandina
Photographer: J. Nelson Plate A8.11.5: Photo direction: SE
Location: 266027 E, 6831351 N, Buller Photographer: J. Nelson Appendix eight: GRFVS plant communities MARCH 2010 216 Flora and Vegetation Survey GERALDTON
REGIONAL Limestone ridge Melaleuca cardiophylla occurs on limestone ridges and slopes high in the landscape. Acacia xanthina dominated one of the GRFVS floristic quadrats, but in general Melaleuca cardiophylla was the dominant species, with Diplolaena grandiflora, Grevillea argyrophylla, *Lycium ferocissimum and Pittosporum ligustrifolium commonly occurring. Individual mallees, most commonly Eucalyptus obtusiflora and E. oraria, are occasional inclusions; however, where these occur in extensive stands, the plant community becomes 11 Limestone Ridge: Melaleuca cardiophylla / Eucalyptus spp. Area in GRFVS: % of GRFVS area: Quadrats: GRV0813, 20, 21, 29, 43, 56, 66, 67, 68 865.80 ha 14.04
(9) NVIS description: Sparse Shrubland, Sparse Vineland, Sparse Chenopod Shrubland, Sparse Forbland, Open Shrubland, Shrubland, Closed Shrubland Keighery description: Tall Open Scrub, Open Heath, Tall Shrubland, Closed Tall Scrub Muir description: Open Scrub, Scrub, Thicket, Heath B, Dense Thicket The following common species were recorded: Tall shrubs: Acacia xanthina, Diplolaena grandiflora, Grevillea argyrophylla, *Lycium ferocissimum, Melaleuca cardiophylla, Pittosporum ligustrifolium, Santalum acuminatum Mid shrubs: Rhagodia preissii subsp. obovata, Scaevola tomentosa Low shrubs: Melaleuca campanae, Ptilotus divaricatus, Ptilotus obovatus, Rhagodia latifolia subsp. recta, Zygophyllum fruticulosum Climbers: Aphanopetalum clematideum, Dioscorea hastifolia, Sedges and rushes: Desmocladus asper Grasses: Austrostipa elegantissima, *Avena barbata, *Bromus diandrus Herbs: *Anagallis arvensis, *Brassica tournefortii, *Hypochaeris glabra, *Medicago polymorpha, *Petrorhagia dubia, Landform: Gentle, flat or steep, slope, dune, ridge or hilltop Geology:
Tamala soil system, on the following subsystems: • Tamala South 2 steep rocky slopes Phase soil subsystem: 221Ta_2Tst, steep dune slopes with very common limestone outcrop. Shallow (10-50 cm) uniform brownish sands, non-calcareous. Geology: Pleistocene limestone and Aeolian sand. • Tamala South 3 yellow Sandplain Phase soil subsystem: 221Ta_3Ysp, level to undulating Sandplain. Yellow deep sand. Geology: lithified Pleistocene calcareous dune deposits with recent dunes. • Tamala South 5 shallow sand Phase soil subsystem: 221Ta_5Ts, undulating to gently undulating relict dune crests with shallow sand and common limestone rock outcrop. Shallow red and brown sands. Geology: lithified Pleistocene calcareous dune deposits and recent calcareous sand. 12. Limestone Ridge: Melaleuca cardiophylla (rMc)
Appendix eight: GRFVS plant communities MARCH 2010 Flora and Vegetation Survey
REGIONAL 217 Plate A8.12.1: Photo direction: SE
Location: GRV0813, Oakajee Photographer: L. Atkins Plate A8.12.2: Photo direction: SE
Location: GRV0821, Oakajee Photographer: L. Atkins Surface rock: 2-30% exposed limestone, 10-100cm fragments Soil: Grey sand, orange-grey sand, grey loamy sand, grey sandy loam, orange brown sandy loam % Cover leaf litter: 10-95 % Cover bare ground: 5-35 % Weed cover: <1-50 Notes:
Many areas of this plant community are grazed by cattle, and in most cases this has led to low cover of shrub species and a high weed cover. This community would have been the most common plant community on exposed Tamala limestone ridges, but some areas have been reduced to a simpler community dominated by Acacia rostellifera (plant community 10 Near Coastal: Acacia rostellifera shrubland), which it sometimes merges with. Limestone Ridge Melaleuca cardiophylla shrublands occurs from the Buller locality northwards, high on the first and second ridges from the coast where there is exposed limestone capping, and on the limestone ridges of Mt Tarcoola and south-eastwards through Rudds Gully and Jandanol Park. This plant community corresponds with the Beard vegetation association 387: Melaleuca cardiophylla thicket, however the scale of the Beard mapping was too broad to detect this unit in the GRFVS project area, where it often occupies narrow bands on the ridgetops. Appendix eight: GRFVS plant communities MARCH 2010 218 Flora and Vegetation Survey GERALDTON
REGIONAL Plate A8.12.3: Photo direction: SE
Location: GRV0866, Jandanol Park Photographer: L. Atkins Plate A8.12.4: Photo direction: SE
Location: GRV0867, Jandanol Park Photographer: L. Atkins Plate A8.12.5: Photo direction: SE
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