Are pollen fossils useful for calibrating relaxed molecular clock dating of phylogenies? A comparative study using Myrtaceae supporting information

Table S2. Details of fossil pollen calibrations used in the Bayesian phylogenetic analyses

Pollen Fossil	Reference	Age	Fossil location	Calibration node	Prior distribution
Myrtales crown age estimate	Wang et al., 2009	91 Ma	n/a	Root node calibration (A)	Normal Mean - 91 St. Dev. - 2.5
Myrtaceidites mesonesus Cookson & Pike	Couper, 1960	Paleocene	New Zealand	All Myrtoideae except Xanthostemoneae and Lophostemoneae (B)	Exponential Mean - 1.03 Offset - 61.7
Myrtaceidites tenuis Harris	Thornhill and Macphail in review	Early Eocene	Bass Strait, Tasmania	Angophora + Corymbia crown (C)	Exponential Mean - 2.17 Offset - 45.0
Myrtaceidites eucalyptoides Cookson & Pike	Alley et al., 1996	Late Eocene	Lake Eyre and Otway Basins, South Australia	Eucalyptus crown (D)	Exponential Mean - 0.895 Offset - 33.9
Myrtaceidites sp.	Thornhill and Macphail in review	Early Eocene	Pilbara, Western Australia	Leptospermeae crown (E)	Exponential Mean - 1.952 Offset - 48.6
Myrtaceidites verrucosus Stover & Partridge	Thornhill and Macphail in review	Late Eocene	Hatfield, New South Wales	Australasian Myrteae crown (F)	Exponential Mean - 0.895 Offset - 33.9
Myrtaceidites verrucosus	Graham, 1985; Romero and Zamaloa, 1985	Middle Eocene	Panama and Argentina	South American Myrteae crown (G)	Exponential Mean - 3.09 Offset - 37.2
Myrtaceidites verrucosus	Pocknall, 1982	Late Oligocene	Pomahaka, New Zealand	New Zealand Myrteae crown (H)	Exponential Mean - 1.47 Offset - 23.03
Myrtaceidites eugeniioides Cookson & Pike	Harris, 1965	Early Eocene	Princetown, Victoria	Syzygieae + Backhousieae crown (I)	Exponential Mean - 1.952 Offset - 48.6
Macrofossil	Reference	Age	Fossil location	Calibration node	Prior distribution
Eucalyptus fruits	Hermsen et al., 2010	Early Eocene	Patagonia, South America	Crown eucalypts (J)	Exponential Mean - 1.844 Offset - 51.2
Corymbia fruit	Rozefelds, 1996	Early to Middle Eocene	Queensland	Crown Corymbia/Angophora (K)	Exponential Mean - 4.744 Offset - 45
Paleomyrtinaea princetonensis Pigg, Stockey & Maxwell	Pigg et al., 1993	Early Eocene	United States of America	Crown Myrteae (L)	Exponential Mean - 4.066 Offset - 50.0
Tristaniandra alleyi Peter G. Wilson & Basinger	Basinger et al., 2007	Middle Eocene	South Australia	Crown Kanieae (M)	Exponential Mean - 3.09 Offset - 37.2
Metrosideros leaves and fruits	Pole et al., 2008	Miocene	New Zealand	Crown Metrosideros (N)	Exponential Mean - 2.982 Offset - 20.0

Table S3. Palynological character matrix of extant and fossil taxa used in the backbone constraint analysis

Characters

1 General Shape: Prolate (0); Oblate (1)

2 Pore Number: Diporate (0); Triporate (1); Tetraporate (2); Pentaporate (3); Hexaporate (4); Monoporate (5)

3 Colpi Morphology: Asyncolpate (0) Syncolpate (1) Parasyncolpate with arcuate colpi (2) Parasyncolpate with angular colpi (3) Brevicolpate (4) Syndemicolpate (5) Parasyncolpate with inverse arcuate colpi (6) Unicolpate (7)

4 Shape of Side: Straight (0); Concave (1); Deeply Concave (2); Convex (3); Greatly Convex (4)

5 Exine Pattern: Psilate (0); Granulate (1); Granulate/Scabrate (2); Scabrate (3); Verrucate/Scabrate (4); Verrucate (5); Rugulate (6); Rugulate with pollenkit (7); Vermiculate (8); Perforate (9)

6 Apocolpial Island: Absent (0); Present (1)

7 Apocolpial Type: None (0); Closely fitting polar island (1); Small irregular polar island (2); Granules on the polar membrane (3)

8 Angles of Amb: Rounded (0); Pointed (1); Notched (2); Flat (3)

9 Colpi Type: Smooth (0); Rough (1); Broken (2); No colpi (3)

10 Inside Pattern: Psilate (0); Scabrate (1); Microscabrate (2); Granulate (3); Verrucate (4); None (5)

11 Margo exine: Absent (0); Present (1)

12 Width: 6-10 (0); 10-14 (1); 14-18 (2); 18-22 (3); 22-28 (4); 28-38 (5); 38-50 (6)

13 Length: 6-10 (0); 10-14 (1); 14-18 (2); 18-22 (3); 22-28 (4); 28-38 (5); 38-50 (6)

14 Colpi/Length %: None (0); 0-20 (1); 20-40 (2); 40-50 (3); 50-65 (4); 65-95 (5); 95-100 (6)

Extant

Taxon	Characters
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
Acca sellowiana	1	1&2	3	0	2	0&1	1	3	2	3	0	2	2	3
Acmena divaricata	0	0	7	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	2	6
Acmena graveolens	0	0	7	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	2	6
Acmena mackinnoniana	0	0	7	4	0&6	0	0	0	0&1	0	0	2	2	6
Acmena smithii	0&1	0&1	2&7	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	2
Acmenosperma claviflorum	1	1	3	0&1	3	1	1	0&1	0&1&2	0	0	2	2	2
Actinodium cunninghamii	0	1	0	2&4	0	0	0	0	3	5	0	1	1	0
Agonis flexuosa	1	1&2	1&2	1	3	0	0	0&2	0	0&1	1	1	1	4
Amomyrtus meli	1	1	4	0	2	0	0	0&3	2	3	0	4	4	2
Anetholea anisata	1	1&2	2	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	4
Angophora costata	1	1	2	0&1&3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	4	3
Angophora hispida	1	1	2	0&1	0	1	2	0&3	0&1	0	0	4	4	3
Archirhodomyrtus beckleri	1	1	4	0&3	1	0	0	0	2	3	0	3	3	2
Arillastrum gummiferum	1	1	2&6	3&4	0&3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2
Asteromyrtus symphyocarpa	1	1	1	0	3	1	2	0&1	0&1	0	1	2	2	4
Babingtonia cunninghamii	1	1	5&6	0&1	0	0	0	0&1	1	0	0	1	1	1
Babingtonia densifolia	1	1	1&6	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0
Babingtonia jucunda	1	1&2	0&1&5	0	0	0	0	0&1	0	0	0	1	1	0
Babingtonia tozerensis	1	1	6	4	0&3	0	0	0&1	0	0	0	1	1	3
Backhousia citriodora	1	1	2&3	0&3	0&6	0&1	0&1	0&1	0	0	0	2	2	3
Backhousia myrtifolia	1	1	2	1	0	0	0	0&1	0	0	0	2	2	4
Baeckea frutescens	1	1	5	0&1	0	0	0	0&1	0	0	0	1	1	0
Baeckea ovalifolia	1	1	0&1	1	0&3	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	2
Beaufortia orbifolia	1	1	2&3	0	3	1	1&2	0&1	0	0	0	3	3	3
Blepharocalyx cruckshanksii	1	1	3	3	2	1	1	0	2	3	0	2	2	3
Blepharocalyx salicifolius	1	1	4	0&3	2	0	0	0	2	3	0	1	1	2
Blepharocalyx tweediei	1	1	4	0&3	2	0	0	0	2	3	0	1	1	2
Callistemon polandii	1	1	3	0&3	0&3	1	1	0&1	0	0	0	2	2	3
Calothamnus validus	1	1	2	1&2	3	0	0	0&2	0	0	0	2	1	4
Calyptranthes concinna	1	1	4	3	2	0	0	0	2	1	0	2	2	2
Calyptranthes pallens	1	1	4	3	2	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	2	2
Calytrix tetragona	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	2	2	4
Campomanesia guazumifolia	1	1	4	3&4	2	0	0	0&1	2	2	0	3	3	2
Chamelaucium uncinatum	1	1	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	5	0	4	3	1
Choricarpia subargentea	1	1	2	1	3	0	0	0	0&1	0&1	0	2	2	4
Cloezia floribunda	1	1	1&2	1	0	0	0	0&3	0	0	0	1	1	4
Corymbia variegata	1	1	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	4	4
Darwinia fascicularis	1	1	0	0&1&3	0&3	0	0	0	3	5	0	3	3	1
Decaspermum humile	1	1	3	0&1	1&5	0	0	0	2	1	0	2	1	2
Eucalyptopsis papuana	1	1&2	3	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	2
Eucalyptus curtisii	1	1	2	4	3	0&1	0&1&2	0	0	0	0	2	2	3
Eucalyptus globulus	1	1	3	0&3	3	0	0	0	1&2	0&2	0	3	3	2
Eugenia uniflora	1	1	3&4	3&4	0&2	0	0	0	2	1	0	2	3	2
Euryomyrtus ramosissima	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	4
Heteropyxis natalensis	1	1	3	0	0&3	0&1	0&2	2	0&1	0&1	0	2	2	3
Hexachlamys edulis	1	1	4	3	2	0	0	0&1	2	3	0	2	2	2
Homalocalyx aurea	1	1	1	0&3	3	0&1	0&2	0&1	2	3&4	1	3	3	3
Homoranthus darwinioides	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	5	0	3	3	0
Kjellbergiodendron celebicum	1	1	2	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	2	3
Kunzea capitata	1	1&2	1	0&3	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	2	2	4
Legrandia concinna	1	1	4	0&3	0&2	0	0	0	2	3	0	3	3	2
Leptospermum scoparium	1	1&2	1&2	3	1&3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	4
Leptospermum spectabile	1	1	1	3	1&3	0	0	1	0&1	0	1	2	2	3
Leptospermum trinervium	1	1	1	3	1&3	0	0	0	0&1	0	1	2	2	4
Lindsayomyrtus racemoides	1	1	1	3	0&3	0	0	0	2	0&3	1	1	1	3
Lophomyrtus bullata	1	1&2	4	3	3	0	0	0	2	1	0	2	2	2
Lophostemon confertus	1	1	2	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	3
Luma apiculata	1	1	4	3&4	2	0	0	0	2	1	0	1	1	2
Lysicarpus angustifolius	1	1	2	3	3	0	0	0&1	0	0	0	2	1	4
Melaleuca nesophila	1	1	3	3	3	1	1	0&1	1	0	0	1	1	2
Melaleuca viridiflora	1	1	2&3	3&4	2	1	1	0	0&1	0	0	2	2	2
Metrosideros carminea	1	1	2	1	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	1	1	3
Metrosideros diffusa	1	1	3	0&3	0&3	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	2
Metrosideros macropus	1	1	2	0&3	0&3	0&1	0&1	0&1	0	0&5	0	2	2	3
Metrosideros nervulosa	1	1	3	0	0	1	1	0&3	0	0	0	3	3	3
Micromyrtus ciliata	1	1	2	0&3	0	0	0	0&1	0	0	0	1	1	3
Myrceugenia leptospermoides	1	1	4	0	2	0	0	0	2	3	0	1	2	2
Myrciaria vexator	1	1	4	3&4	3	0	0	0	2	3	0	2	2	2
Myrteola nummularia	1	1	4	0	2	0	0	0	2	3	0	2	2	2
Myrtus communis	1	1	4	3	2	0	0	0	2	3	0	1	1	2
Neomyrtus pedunculata	1	1	4	0&1&3	0&3	0	0	0	2	1	0	2	2	2
Ochrosperma lineare	1	1	1	2	3	0	0	0&1	1	5	1	1	0	5
Ochrosperma oligomerum	1	1	1	2	3	0	0	0&1	1	5	1	0	0	4
Osbornia octodonta	1	1	1&3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	2	4
Pericalymma ellipticum	1	1	1	0&1	1&3	0	0	1	0	0	1	3	3	4
Pileanthus filifolius	0	0	7	0	0	0	0	0&3	0	0	0	5	3	6
Pilidiostigma papuanum	1	1	4	4	2	0	0	0	2	3	0	3	3	2
Piliocalyx concinnus	1	1	2	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	2	2
Pimenta racemosa	1	1&2	3	3	0	0	0	0	0&1	0	0	1	2	2
Psidium cattleianum	1	1	4	4	0	0	0	0	2	1	0	4	4	2
Psiloxylon mauritianum	1	1&2	3	3	0&3	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	2
Qualea grandiflora	1	0&1	4	0&4	3	0	0	0&3	1	1	0	4	4	1
Rhodamnia argentea	1	1	4	3	2	0	0	0	2	1	0	1	1	2
Rhodomyrtus macrocarpa	1	1	4	3&4	2	0	0	0	2	3	0	4	4	2
Sphaerantia chartacea	1	1	3	3	5	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	3
Stockwellia quadrifida	1	1	2	4	3	0	0	0&1	0&1	0	0	1	1	2
Syncarpia glomulifera	1	1	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	2	4
Syzygium aromaticum	1	1	3	3	0&3	1	1	0	1&2	0	0	2	2	2
Syzygium australe	1	1	2	1&3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	4
Syzygium cumini	1	1	3	0&3	0	1	2	1	0&1	0	0	1	1	3
Syzygium maire	1	1	3	0&3	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	2
Syzygium samarangense	1	1	2	4	0	0	0	0	0&2	0	0	1	1	3
Syzygium wilsonii	1	1&2	3	0	3	1	1	0&1	0	0	0	2	1	3
Tepualia stipularis	0	0	7	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	1	6
Thaleropia queenslandica	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	3	5	0	0	0	0
Thryptomene saxicola	0&1	0&1	6	4	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	2
Tristania neriifolia	1	1	1&3	0	0	0	0	0&1	0	5	0	0	0	0
Tristaniopsis laurina	1	1&2	3&6	0&3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	2
Ugni molinae	0&1	0&1	4	3&4	2	0	0	0&2	2	3	0	1	1	1
Uromyrtus australis	1	1	4	4	2	0	0	0&1	2	3	0	1	1	1
Verticordia pennigera	1	1&2	0	1	0	0	0	0	3	5	0	3	3	1
Vochysia hondurensis	1	1	4	0	3	0	0	3	3	1	0	?	?	?
Waterhousea floribunda	1	1	2&3	0&3&4	0&3	0&1	0&2	0	0&1	0	0	1	1	3
Waterhousea hedraiophylla	1	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0&1	0	0	1	1	3
Xanthomyrtus papuana	1	1&2	2	0&3	0&3	0	0	0	0	0&1	0	2	1	3
Xanthostemon chrysanthus	1	1	2	3	2	1	1	0	0	0	0	2	2	2

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