Chapter 1 Statistics, data, and Statistical Thinking 29 1.1 The Science of Statistics 30 1.2 Types of Statistical Applications 31 1.3 Fundamental Elements of Statistics 33 1.4 Types of Data 37 1.5 Collecting Data: Sampling and Related Issues 39 1.6 The Role of Statistics in Critical Thinking and Ethics 44 Statistics in Action: Social Media Network Usage—Are You Linked In? 30 Using Technology: MINITAB: Accessing and Listing Data 53 Chapter 2 Methods for describing Sets of data 57 2.1 Describing Qualitative Data 59 2.2 Graphical Methods for Describing Quantitative Data 70 2.3 Numerical Measures of Central Tendency 82 2.4 Numerical Measures of Variability 93 2.5 Using the Mean and Standard Deviation to Describe Data 99 2.6 Numerical Measures of Relative Standing 107 2.7 Methods for Detecting Outliers: Box Plots and z-Scores 111 2.8 Graphing Bivariate Relationships (Optional) 121 2.9 Distorting the Truth with Descriptive Statistics 126 Statistics in Action: Body Image Dissatisfaction: Real or Imagined? 58 Using Technology: MINITAB: Describing Data 142 TI-83/TI–84 Plus Graphing Calculator: Describing Data 142 Chapter 3 Probability 145 3.1 Events, Sample Spaces, and Probability 147 3.2 Unions and Intersections 160 3.3 Complementary Events 163 3.4 The Additive Rule and Mutually Exclusive Events 165 3.5 Conditional Probability 172 3.6 The Multiplicative Rule and Independent Events 175 7 3.7 Some Additional Counting Rules (Optional) 187 3.8 Bayes’s Rule (Optional) 197 Statistics in Action: Lotto Buster! Can You Improve Your Chance of Winning? 146 Using Technology: TI-83/TI-84 Plus Graphing Calculator: Combinations and Permutations 211
