Declared Rare and Poorly Known Flora in the Warren Region
Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback
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Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback Unknown. Management Requirements Relocate the Bridgetown population and survey. Survey suitable sites in the Region for possible new populations. Research Requirements Determine susceptibility to Phytophthora spp. References Bentham (1878); Rye (1987a); Wilson (1993) 64 Carex tereticaulis 65 Cryptandra arbutiflora Fenzl var. pygmaea Rye RHAMNACEAE WAR F4/60 Cryptandra arbutiflora was first collected by Ernie Wittwer in 1975 from a locality stated as being‘...Muir Highway, 20 km E of Manjimup’ and was subsequently recollected by Tony Annels in Talling near Lake Muir in 1990. Searches in the Nyamup area (20 km E of Manjimup) have failed to relocate the original collecting site, and no habitat resembling sites where it has been found, has been located in that area. It is possible that the distance was estimated in miles (noting the timing of the collection was during the period of metrication of Australia), and then converted to kilometres, but the reverse conversion used accidentally. Converting twice in reverse would put the Wittwer population very close to the Talling population. The differences could be explained by whether the distance was read off a map or off an odometer, and whether the chosen point of reference for Manjimup was, for example, the Post Office, the intersection of Muir Highway and South West Highway, or the edge of town. It may well be that both collections were from the same place. Description Cryptandra arbutiflora is a low spreading shrub to 20+ cm high with shortly petiolate (0.6-0.8 mm), linear to narrow oblong, glabrous leaves 3-6 mm long, 0.6-2 mm wide. Flowers are white and crowded in leafy spikelets. Each flower is sessile to shortly petiolate with a floral tube about 1 mm long enlarging to 2 mm when in fruit. The var. pygmaea differs from other varieties of Cryptandra arbutiflora in the Region in having a very short flower tube (var. tubulosa about 2-3 mm; var. arbutiflora about 3-4 mm) and a very small stature. Flowering period: August-November Distribution and Habitat The species is known from five populations between Lake Muir, Rocky Gully and Tonebridge, growing on shallow clay around granite outcrops in heath vegetation surrounded by Jarrah forest and on the margins of a wetland under Eucalyptus decipiens woodland. The area surrounding Lake Muir is intended to become part of the Perup-Lake Muir Nature Reserve Complex and populations within this area are not considered to be under threat. Conservation Status Current: Priority 1 Recommended: Priority 2 Known Populations in the Warren Region Pop. No. Location District Land status No. of plants Last survey Comments/condition CLM 1a Talling (swamp) DON SF (NP) 220 4/12/1995 CLM 1b Talling (Granite) DON SF (NP) 50 4/12/1995 WAR 101 Rocky Gully DON - na 9/9/1995 Relocate WAR 102 Galamup NR DON NR na 23/10/1997 WAR 103 Tonebridge DON - na 5/9/1995 Relocate Response to Disturbance Response to fire is unknown. Response to soil disturbance is unknown. Response to change in soil moisture is unknown. Response to weed invasion is unknown. Response to change in canopy is unknown. Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback Unknown. 66 Management Requirements Monitor periodically with specific emphasis on assessing response to disturbance. Search for further populations in areas of suitable habitat. Research Requirements Determine susceptibility to Phytophthora spp. Study the variety’s response to fire to determine if it is a resprouter or seed obligate and, following germination, determine the length of time before flowering and first seed set. Determine the variety’s response to other disturbance. References Rye (1995a) Cryptandra abutiflora var. pygmaea 67 Deyeuxia inaequalis Vickery POACEAE WAR F4/197 Deyeuxia inaequalis was described in 1940 by Joyce Vickery, from a specimen collected near the Warren River (Arnott’s near Manjimp) by W.M. Carne in 1923. The species was relocated near Manjimup by Tony Annels in 1988. Description Deyeuxia inaequalis is an annual or perennial grass to 70 cm with linear leaves 50-150 mm long by 1- 5 mm wide. The ligule is membranous, 3-5 mm long, torn at tip, tufted, hairless. The inflorescence is dense, cylindric and spike-like. Spikelets are 5-6 mm long, green, stalked, compressed, each with a single bisexual floret. Glumes are in pairs, 5-6 mm long, spreading, narrowly ovate, unequal, the lower glume a little longer, pointed, 1-ribbed with a rough keel. The lemma body is approx 2.5 cm long, firm and hardening at maturity, narrowly ovate to ovate, rough, 3-5-ribbed, the tip minutely 4- toothed, with a bent and twisted dorsal awn arising from near the base. The awn is 3.5-4.5 mm long. The floret base has silky hairs. The palea is approximately 2.5 mm long, almost equal to the lemma, 2- ribbed, 2-keeled and two-toothed. The species differs from Deyeuxia quadriseta in its slightly longer glumes with the lemma more or less half the length of the lower glume. Flowering period: December Distribution and Habitat The species is currently known from two collections near Manjimup. There are old records from the Warren and Donnelly rivers, but these have not been relocated. Plants are found in sandy loams on slopes. Conservation Status The Manjimup population is under threat from major weed invasion. Current: Priority 1 Known Populations in the Warren Region Pop. No. Location District Land status No. of plants Last survey Comments/condition WAR 100 Manjimup (Warren River) DON Other Res na 8/12/1994 WAR 101 Lindsay FB DON SF na 2/12/1988 Response to Disturbance Response to fire is unknown. Response to soil disturbance is unknown. Response to change in soil moisture is unknown. Response to weed invasion is unknown. Response to change canopy is unknown. Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback Unknown, but probably not susceptible given that the related Deyeuxia drummondii is resistant to Phytophthora. Management Requirements Resurvey known populations. Monitor populations periodically, with specific regard to assessing response to disturbance. 68 Search for further populations in suitable habitat. Research Requirements Investigate susceptibility to Phytophthora spp. Determine response to disturbance. Determine life history i.e. Annual or perennial, how does it regenerate etc. References Wheeler (2001); Vickery (1940) Deyeuxia inaequalis 69 Eriochilus scaber Lindley subsp. orbifolia Hopper & A.P. Br. ms ORCHIDACEAE Round-leafed Bunny Orchid WAR F4/104 Eriochilus scaber subsp. orbifolia was first collected by Stephen Hopper and Andrew Brown in the Winter of 1989 following a Summer fire near Walpole. It was then not seen again until 1994 when Bill Jackson relocated it in the same area, again following a fire. It will be formally described by S. Hopper and A. Brown in a forthcoming edition of Nuytsia. Description Round-leafed Bunny Orchid is a small herb to 10 cm tall with a single orbicular basal leaf, 3-20 mm long and one to three pale pink and white flowers. The leaf on non-flowering plants is evenly hirsute, discolorous, the upper surface dark green with five white longitudinal stripes. The margins and lower surface are red/dark maroon. The leaf of flowering plants is concolourus, yellowish green and glabrous with the lamina cupped around scape and similar in size to those on non-flowering plants, 8- 20 mm long by 10-15 mm wide. The scape is wiry uniformly green, sparsely hirsute. The leaves of non-flowering plants are darker green, hirsute and more prominently veined than those on flowering plants. This dimorphism in leaves of non-flowering and flowering plants is the most striking of any south-western orchid. Eriochilus scaber subsp. orbifolia differs from the subsp. scaber in its orbicular leaf, held flat on the ground, with a creamy green petiole, 1-3 mm above ground, rather than a narrowly ovate to ovate leaf, with a dark maroon or creamy green petiole, 2-12 mm above ground. Eriochilus scaber differs from E. tenuis in its shorter hirsute scapes usually less than 10 cm tall, its leaf on non-flowering plants striped above and red beneath, and its earlier flowering from July- August. Flowering period: July-August Distribution and Habitat Known from two populations south-west of Crystal Springs, growing in moist, sandy soil in swales between consolidated sand dunes. Conservation Status Current: Priority 1 Recommended: Priority 2 Known Populations in the Warren Region Pop. No. Location District Land status No. of plants Last survey Comments/condition CLM 1 Long Point Road FRA NP na 3/8/1998 CLM 2a Crystal Springs 1 FRA NP 200 6/8/1994 CLM 2b Crystal Springs 2 FRA NP 50 12/8/1994 Response to Disturbance Plants are killed by fire when above ground parts are in active growth (April to October). Plants flower in the winter following a hot summer fire. Response to soil disturbance is unknown. Response to change in soil moisture is unknown. However, as the subspecies occurs in winter moist flats, the drying out of these areas is likely to have a negative affect. Response to weed invasion is unknown. Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback Unknown. Management Requirements 70 Resurvey and monitor populations periodically, particularly following summer fire. Search for further populations in areas of suitable habitat Avoid late autumn, winter and early spring burning of populations. Research Requirements Determine susceptibility to Phytophthora spp. Liaise with Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority staff over seed and mycelium collection and storage. References Hoffman and Brown (1992, 1998); Hopper and Brown (in press) Eriochilus scaber subsp. orbifolia ms 71 Eryngium sp. Lake Muir (E. Wittwer 2293) APIACEAE WAR F4/166 Although originally placed with the eastern Eryngium vesiculosum this species has now been confirmed as a uniquely Western Australian taxon. It was, until relocated by Greg Keighery and Neil Gibson in 1997, known from a single collection made by Wittwer in 1980. Subsequently, two additional populations have been located. Description Eryngium sp. Lake Muir is a perennial near-prostrate herb to 150 mm with small leaves 100-150 mm long by 3-4 mm wide, each pinnatisect (three lobed), with lobes entire, terminating in sharp spines. The inflorescence is an ovoid to globular head-like umbel, 5-12 mm long by 5-8 mm wide, excluding the inner and outer bracts. Flowers are sessile, bisexual, pale green. The six to ten outer bracts are pale green, narrowly ovate, 3-18 mm long by 1-1.5 mm wide. The pungent inner bracts are similar but smaller. The species resembles a small thistle, with spiny bracts and flowers in globular heads. Eryngium sp. Lake Muir differs from Eryngium pinnatifidum in its narrower three lobed, rather than many lobed (pinnatifid) leaf, shorter and narrower floral bracts, green flowers and smaller stature. Flowering period: December-January Distribution and Habitat The species is known from the Lake Muir area, growing in winter wet saline grey clay flats, typically with Melaleuca cuticularis and often with another priority taxon, Apodasima ceramophila ms. Conservation Status Current: Priority 1 Recommended: Priority 2 Known Populations in the Warren Region Pop. No. Location District Land status No. of plants Last survey Comments/condition WAR 100 Neeranup Rd. DON NP 1000 15/12/2003 WAR 101 Swamp Rd. 1 DON NP 50 15/12/2003 WAR 102 Swamp Rd. 2 DON NP 1000 15/12/2003 Response to Disturbance Response to fire is unknown. Response to soil disturbance is unknown. Response to change in soil moisture is unknown. Response to weed invasion is unknown. Response to change canopy is unknown. Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback Unknown. Management Requirements Conduct surveys in the Lake Muir/Unicup/Frankland area to determine the conservation status of the species. Obtain seed collections for storage at CALM’s Threatened Flora Seed Centre. Research Requirements Investigate the species’ response to disturbances and susceptibility to Phytophthora spp. 72 Hydatella australis Diels HYDATELLACEAE WAR F4/142 Hydatella australis was first collected in the Warren region in 1994 during fieldwork for this program. At that time it was placed with H. sessilis ms before returning to H. australis. Although searched for widely across the Region it has only been found in three locations. Description Hydatella australis is a tufted, annual, monoecious, emergent semiaquatic moss-like herb that grows in a reddish sward to 10 mm tall. Older plants have up to forty leaves, each filiform, terete to 13 mm long. Flowers develop in a sessile/sub-sessile or very short (to 1 mm) capitula that contains either male or female flowers. Fruit is smooth, hyaline. Some Trithuria species that are common in swamps in the area are also of a similar height and grow as reddish moss like swards, but differ in having male and female flowers on the same inflorescence and three ribbed fruit. Flowering period: September-November Distribution and Habitat The species is known from one extant population in the Warren Region, growing in a winter wet swamp in black clay, germinating and developing as the surface water recedes. Conservation Status Current: Priority 1 Recommended: Priority 2 Despite searching similar sites close to the known population and other suitable habitat widely across the region over two years, no further populations have been located. Known Populations in the Warren Region Pop. No. Location District Land status No. of plants Last survey Comments/condition WAR 100 Perup NR DON NR 10,000+ 11/10/1994 WAR 101 Yarnup NR DON NR <100 10/1999 WAR 102 Kodjinup NR DON NR <500 10/1999 Response to Disturbance The species is unlikely to be affected by fire in its known habitat. Response to soil disturbance is unknown, but the fragile nature of the habitat and the plants life cycle would indicate that any mechanical or other disturbance that changes the floor of the lake could be deleterious to the species. Field observation indicates the species germinates and completes its life cycle in the period between the presence of shallow water over its habitat and drying out in early summer. Changes to this regime could be deleterious to the species. Further clearing in the catchment may result in the creation of a permanent water body (a situation common in the area) and loss of the species. Drainage for salinity management could also be deleterious to the species. Response to weed invasion is unknown, but is probably deleterious to the species. Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback Unknown. Management Requirements Monitor disturbance in the area of populations, particularly for impacts of works on road shoulders above lake and, possible impacts of table drain overflow and erosion into the lake. Liaise with the Local Authority as required to protect the population from siltation. Search for further populations in areas of suitable habitat across the Region. 74 Research Requirements Determine susceptibility to Phytophthora spp. Investigate response to disturbance. References Gibson and Keighery (2000) Hydatella australis 75 Pentapogon quadrifidus (Labill.) Baill. var. quadrifidus POACEAE WAR F4/205 Pentapogon quadrifidus is a monotypic species that is endemic to Australia. It was originally placed in the genus Agrostis and named A. quadrifida by Labillaridiere in 1805 from his collection “in capite Van-Diemen”. It was then moved into the genus Pentapogon and submerged into P. billardieri by Robert Brown in 1810 and was split into two varieties (billardieri and parviflorus) by Bentham in 1878. It was moved into Stipa by Mueller in 1873 under several named forms and was finally reinstated as a species of Pentapogon by Baillon in 1893. Bentham’s var. parviflorus was reinstated by Morris in 1990. Pentapogon quadrifidus, which is known from several other Australian states, was discovered in WA by Terry Macfarlane, Rod Annels and Roger Hearn when investigating a site for other species in this program. Description Pentapogon quadrifidus is a loosely tufted annual or short-lived perennial to 0.7 m high. The leaf sheath encloses the culm and is striate, glabrous or pubescent with hairs about 0.5 mm long. The ligule is membranous, 1-2 mm long and subulate while the blade is tightly rolled, pilose with hairs to 1 mm long with the flag usually glabrous. The inflorescence is a compact dense much branched panicle 3-15 cm long by up to 2.5 cm wide, exserted or enclosed in uppermost sheath with branches scabrous. Spikelets are narrow, gaping when mature, of 1 bisexual floret, disarticulating above the glumes. The rachis is scabrous. Glumes are unequal, lower 5-9 mm long, upper 6-10 mm long, keeled, aristate, with 2-4 short lateral nerves, margins membranous, glabrous, keel scabrous. The lemma is narrow, shorter than lower glume, 4-7 mm long, glabrous, 2-lobed, each lobe with 2 short slender curved slightly flattened, single nerved awns 3-4 mm long. The awn from the sinus is stout, twisted, geniculate, curved, 1.5-2.5 cm long, callus bearded with hairs about 1 mm long. The palea are awnless, glabrous. The var. parviflorus is not recorded in Western Australia and differs in the outer glumes being less than 4 mm long. It is possible that the Western Australian collections are a new variety or species. Key characters of this taxon, and those of Eastern States collections and descriptions that were not available at the time of preparing this report, need to be compared. Flowering period: Spring to summer Distribution and Habitat The species is known from South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania with one population in Western Australia near Rocky Gully. Plants grow in winter wet low open woodlands. Conservation Status Current: Priority 1 Known Populations in the Warren Region Pop. No. Location District Land status No. of plants Last survey Comments / condition CLM1 Rocky Gully FRA WR 1000 23/11/1995 Response to Disturbance Response to fire is unknown. Response to soil disturbance is unknown. Response to change in soil moisture is unknown. Response to weed invasion is unknown. Response to changes in canopy cover is unknown. 76 Kataloq: images -> documents -> plants-animals -> threatened-species -> recovery plans -> wildlife management plans wildlife management plans -> Western australian wildlife management program no. 28 Declared Rare and Poorly Known Flora in the Moora District recovery plans -> Interim recovery plan recovery plans -> Scaly-leaved featherflower recovery plans -> Pine featherflower (verticordia staminosa subsp. Cylindracea var. Erecta) recovery plans -> Wongan featherflower wildlife management plans -> Western australian wildlife management program no. 21 Declared Rare and Poorly Known Flora in the Esperance District wildlife management plans -> Threatened flora of the wildlife management plans -> Declared rare and poorly known flora Yüklə 3,36 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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