Documentation, conservation and bioprospection- a priority agenda for action
Genera No. of species Genera No. of species
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- : Some taxa of Western Ghats having high diversity in them Taxa Number of genera species (Approximate)
- Diversity in wild relatives of crop plants/economically important species
- Tropical and subtropical fruits
- Oil seeds
- Total 56 120
Genera No. of species Genera No. of species Memecylon
16 Litsea 15
Symplocos
14 Cinnamomum 13
Syzygium 11
Actinodaphne 9
9
9
8
7 Jambosa
7 Hopea 6
6
6 Aglaia 5
5
5 Holigarna
5 Terminalia
5 Humboldtia 5
5
Table 2: Some taxa of Western Ghats having high diversity in them Taxa Number of genera & species (Approximate) Poaceae
120 genera; 430 species Leguminosae 85 genera; 350 species Orchidaceae 60 genera; 285 species Acanthaceae 45 genera; 125 species Cyperaceae 21 genera;170 species Euphorbiaceae 55 genera; 150 species Asteraceae 58 genera; 150 species Lamiaceae 25 genera; 120 species Rubiaceae 40 genera; 110 species Asclepiadaceae 30 genera; 95 sspecies
Table - 3 : Diversity of some taxa of Western ghats vis a vis Indian region Taxa No. of species inIndia Species in Western Ghats Ceropegia 44
35 (26 endemics) Arisaema 42
13 Commelinaceae 81
45( 17 endemics) Impatiens 223 ( incl. 23 vars.) 88 (most are endemics)
1000
250 Palms --
21 Andropogoneae 329
250 Isaachne 29
20 Asclepiadaceae 280
90 Vernonieae --
45 Pittosporum 11
7 Piper --
15 Cinnamomum --
15 Litsea --
16 Calophyllum --
5 Garcinia --
12 Myristica --
4 Dioscorea --
21 species;27 varieties
Diversity in wild relatives of crop plants/economically important species: Western Ghats is a major genetic estate of wild relatives of crop plants with an enormous biodiversity of ancient lineage. The region is a store house of wild relatives of cereals and millets (Panicum psilopodium, Oryza coaractata, Pennisetum glaucum, Chionachne koenigii, C. semiteres, Coix gigantea and Trilobachne cookie); legumes (Atylosia albicans, A. goenisis, A. trinervia, A. elongata , A. platycarpa, A. graniflora, A. mollis, A. nivea , A. scarabaeoides, A. sericea, A. villosa (all wild relatives of cultivated Cajanus), Canavalia virosa, C. maritime, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Sphenostylis bracteata, Mucuna pruriens, Vigna sublobata, V. vexillata, V. pilosa, V. umbellata, V. dalzelliana, and V. khandalensis; Tropical and subtropical fruits (Artocarpus heterophyllus, A.lacucha, Garcinia indica, Diospyros spp., Ensete superbum, Mangifera indica, Mimosops elengii, Spondias pinnata, Ziziphus oenoplea, Z. rugosa, Rubus ellepticus, R. niveus, R. alceifolius ; Vegetables (Abelmoschus angulosus, A. moschatus , A. manihot, A. ficulneus, Amorphophalus paeonifolius, Cucumis setosus, Luffa graveolens, Momordica cochinchinensis, M. subangulata, Solanum indicum, Trichosanthes anamalaiensis, T. bracteata, T. cuspidata, T. perrottetiana and T. villosula; Oil seeds (Sesamum laaciniatum, S. prostratum ); Spices and Condiments (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Myrstica dactyloides M. malabarica, Piper nigrum, P. schmidtii, P. longum, Zingiber purpureum, Z. officinale, Z. zerumbet, Costus speciosus and Elettaria caradomum . In addition wild relatives of Coffee and sugarcane are also well represented. The medicinal plant diversity in Western Ghats is also of a very high order. The region is known as the ‘Emporium of medicinal Plants. ’ Due to varied physiographic and physiognomic factors, medicinal plant diversity is very high both in terms of species diversity as well as infra specific diversity. Roughly, 1500 species of medicinal plants from out of the total of 5000 species of Western ghats are reported (Yoganarasimhan, 1996, 2000). A few important ones in this category are listed (Table- 4 ) The floristic diversity of wild aromatic plants in Western Ghats is also incompletely known. While medicinal plants have received some attention, other groups such as the essential oil yielding plants of the region are least studied. There are more than 200 such aromatic species in different ecosystems of Western Ghats and are predominantly spread among Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Rutaceae, Zingiberaceae, Lauraceae, Oleaceae and Poaceae (table–5 & 6). While species diversity is assessed to some extent, infra specific diversity in these aromatic species is least known. Nevertheless, many species like Hyptis sauveolens, Blumea lacera, B. hieracifolia, B. membranacea, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Ocimum basilicum, Plectranthus mollis exhibit remarkable morphological variations in the region. Western Ghats with a wide variety of ecological habitats certainly provides for numerous ecotypes / chemotypes in some of Table 4: Medicinal Plant species diversity in Western Ghats Species Family Trichopus zeylanicus Trichopodaceae Utleria salicifolia Periplocaceae Janakia arayalpathra Periplocaceae Myristica malabarica Myristicaceae Adenia hondala Passifloraceae Artocarpus hirsutus Moraceae Cinnamomum travancoricum Lauraceae Cinnamomum wightii Lauraceae Piper barberi Piperaceae Vateria indica Dipterocarpaceae Ochreinauclea missionis Rubiaceae Syzygium travancoricum Myrtaceae Hydnocarpus alpina Dipterocarpaceae Michelia nilagirica Magnoliaceae Mahonia leschenaultii Berberidaceae Gardenia obtusa Rubiaceae Cinnamomum wightii Lauraceae Atalantia wightii Rutaceae Garcinia cambogia Clusiaceae Ilex denticulata Aquifoliaceae Microtropis ramiflora Leguminaceae Gymnosporia montana Celastraceae Rhus mysorensis Anacardiaceae Scutia circumscissa Rhamnaceae Plecospermum spinosum Ulmaceae Pterolobium hexapetalum Caesalpiniaceae Xeromphis spinosa Rubiaceae Toddalia asiatica Rutaceae Ziziphus spp. Rhamnaceae Acacia spp. Mimosaceae Sagearaea dalzelli Annonaceae Dysoxylum malabaricum Meliaceae Holigarna arnottiana Anacardiaceae Syzygium mungudam Myrtaceae Memeylon malabaricum Melastomaceae Diospyros paniculata Ebenaceae Humboldtia vahliana Leguminosae Buchanania lanceolata Anacardiaceae Myrstica malabarica Myristicaceae Nothapodytes foetida Icacinaceae Maesua nagassarium Clusiaceae Aphanamyxis polystachya Meliaceae Semecarpus anacardium Anacardiaceae Butea monosperma Papilionaceae Hymenodictyon orixense Rubiaceae Phyllanthus amarus Euphorbiaceae Mucuna pruriens Papilionaceae Asclepias curassavica Asclepiadaceae Celastrus paniculatus Celastraceae Abrus precatorius Papilionaceae Cissus quadrangularis Vitaceae Plumbago zeylanica Plumbaginaceae Tylophora indica Asclepiadaceae Gymnema sylvestre -do-
Withania somnifera Solanaceae Centella asiatica Apiaceae Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae Boerhavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae Tinospora cordifolia Menispermaceae Bacopa monnieri Scrophulariaceae Wrightia tinctoria Apocynaceae Strychnos spp Loganiaceae Pterocarpus marsupium Fabaceae Mallotus philippensis Euphorbiaceae Knema attenuata Myrsticaceae Dioscorea spp. Dioscoreaceae Anamirta cocculus Menispermaceae Alangium salviifolium Alangiaceae Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae Ichnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Helicteres isora Sterculiaceae Entada purseatha Mimosaceae Aristolochia indica Aristolochiaceae Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae Zanthoxylum rhetusa Rutaceae Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Caesalpiniaceae Gluta travancorica Anacardiaceae Stephania japonica Menispermaceae Elaeocarpus spp. Elaeocarpaceae Narenga alata Rutaceae Murraya paniculata Rutaceae
Family Genus Species Rutaceae 10 18
Asteraceae 7 10 Zingiberaceae 6 12 Lauraceae 2 5 Lamiaceae 17
47 Myrtaceae 1 3
1 9 Geraniaceae 2 2 Verbenaceae 1 1 Lamiaceae 1 2 Ericaceae 1 1 Flindersiaceae 1 1 Chenopodiaceae 1 1 Burseraceae 2 2 Euphorbiaceae 1 1 Apiaceae 1 1 Poaceae 1 3
56 120
Table 6: Diversity of Wild Aromatic species of Western Ghats S.No. Name of the species Family 1
2 Acronychia pedunculata Rutaceae 3
Zingiberaceae 4
Zingiberaceae 5
Zingiberaceae 6
Lamiaceae 7 Anisochilus paniculatus * Lamiaceae 8
Lamiaceae 9
Lamiaceae 10
Lamiaceae 11
Lamiaceae 12
* Asteraceae 13 Atalantia monophylla Rutaceae 14
Rutaceae 15
Lamiaceae 16
Asteraceae 17
Asteraceae 18
Asteraceae
19
Boswellia serrata* Burseraceae 20
Lamiaceae 21
Asteraceae 22
Chenopodiaceae 23
Flindersiaceae 24
Lauraceae
26 Cinnamomum sulphuratum * Lauraceae 27
Lauraceae 28
Rutaceae 29
Rutaceae 30
Rutaceae 31
Burseraceae 32
Zingiberaceae 33
Zingiberaceae 34
Zingiberaceae 35
Cymbopogon coloratus* Poaceae 36
Poaceae 37
Poaceae 38 Endostemon viscosus* Lamiaceae 39
Apiaceae 40
Ericaceae 41
Geraniaceae 42
Zingiberaceae 43
Rutaceae 44
Lamiaceae 45
Zingiberaceae 46
Zingiberaceae 47
Lamiaceae 48
Lamiaceae 49
Lamiaceae
50 Janakia arayalpathra Asclepiadaceae 51
Oleaceae 52
Oleaceae 53
Oleaceae 54
Oleaceae 55
Oleaceae 56
Oleaceae 57
Oleaceae 58
Oleaceae 59
Oleaceae 60
Zingiberaceae 61
Zingiberaceae 62
Asteraceae 63
Labiataea 64
Labiataea 65
Cyathocline purpurea Asteraceae
66
Pimpinella adscendens Asteraceae 67 Leonotis nepetiifolia* Lamiaceae 68
Lamiaceae 69
Lamiaceae 70
Lamiaceae 71
Lamiaceae 72
Lamiaceae 73
Rutaceae 74
Rutaceae 75
Lamiaceae 76
Lamiaceae 77
Rutaceae 78
Rutaceae 79
Rutaceae 80
Lauraceae 81
Lamiaceae 82
Lamiaceae 83
Lamiaceae 84
Lamiaceae 85
Lamiaceae 86
Lamiaceae 87
Lamiaceae 88
Rutaceae 89
Geraniaceae 90
Lamiaceae
91
Plectranthus aromaticus Lamiaceae 92
Lamiaceae 93
Lamiaceae 94
Lamiaceae 95
Lamiaceae 96
Lamiaceae 97
Lamiaceae 98
Lamiaceae 99
Rutaceae 100 Pluchea tomentosa * Asteraceae 101 Pogostemon benghalensis * Lamiaceae 102
Lamiaceae 103
Lamiaceae 104
Lamiaceae 105
Lamiaceae 106
Lamiaceae 107
Lamiaceae 108
Lamiaceae 109
Lamiaceae 110
Asteraceae 111
Myrtaceae 112
Myrtaceae 113
Myrtaceae 114
Lamiaceae 115
Rutaceae 116
Rutaceae 117
Verbenaceae 118
Rutaceae 119
Rutaceae 120
Zingiberaceae
these wild aromatic species. Species-specific surveys followed by interdisciplinary investigations by Taxonomists, Molecular biologists, Geneticists, Phytochemists and Ecologists must be undertaken to assess the extent of total diversity and also the ‘elite’ populations in the wild aromatic plants. Kataloq: biodiversity biodiversity -> Mü ə lliml ə r üçün qeydiyyat v ə r biodiversity -> Ş agirdl ə rin qeydiyyat v ə r ə qi biodiversity -> Dicotyledons biodiversity -> Jayasilan mohd-azlan indraneil das biodiversity -> Flora species of littoral rainforest and coastal vine thickets of eastern australia by bioregion biodiversity -> Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns biodiversity -> Ugu emf: Biodiversity Assessment June 2013 I biodiversity -> Flora for which Recovery Plans are being prepared biodiversity -> Syzygium hodgkinsoniae Conservation Advice Page 1 of 4 Approved conservation advice (s266B of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999) Approved Conservation Advice for Yüklə 448,47 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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