Ecology of the bukhara deer in our country (distribution and origin) Tlepbergenova Perizat Nokisbay kyzy

ECOLOGY OF THE BUKHARA DEER IN OUR COUNTRY (DISTRIBUTION AND ORIGIN)


Tlepbergenova Perizat Nokisbay kyzy
Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh


Resume. There is a lot of information about the Bukhara deer, its distribution in the region, the center of production and its impact on the living system.
Keywords. Bukhara deer, range, Amu Darya, Syr Darya, Shulistan, Karatau, Gissar, vegetation, Kyzylkum desert.

The former area of the Bukhara deer covers all the Amu Darya and Syr Darya deserts between the middle and lower reaches of these rivers. Along the Syr Darya, the Bukhara deer flows from the Aral Sea to the Kyzyl-Orda in the forests of the river basin. In Karatau, the waters are combined with the Syr Darya population, which is located in this area on a wide slope. Almost all Kyzylkum deserts (areas with strong development of saxaul forests) are included in the range of Bukhara deers; During the development of the ephemerals, the deers may have flowed into the desert and west of the Amu Darya, the mixed regions of the Ustyurt and the Aral Sea.

The Bukhara deers of the Amu Darya flow everywhere from the Aral Sea to the source of the river in the mountains; above - in all the groves of the right tributaries of the Amu Darya, and in some seasons - in the inter-river branches, as well as in the mountains - in particular in Kugitang and Babatag. It is even said that they spread to the foothills of the Gissar Mountains and the Darvaz Mountains. South - in the west, the boundary of the Bukhara deer is called Murgap.¹ It is believed that stenotopia is characteristic of the Bukhara deer, the place of its creation is bordered by the forest complex. This category of biotopes includes poplar groves of different ages, consisting of a mixture of desert tree species (spruce, willow), various variants of the stratum (grove, tree) and different levels of development of grass cover (birch, reed, hemp) and others. In addition, some seasons the Bukhara deers used the saxauls between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, as well as the groves of mountain rivers (Hissar, Darvaz Mountains). In the spring, during the ephemeral vegetation period, the Bukhara deers come out of the forests and go to the foothills and deserts for food. They come out after dark in the desert and graze until dawn. During dust storms, rains and snowfalls, the Bukhara waters hide under trees.
The best areas for Bukhara deers are the period of recovery, the places where there is a collection of articles necessary for feeding their children. Hiding, drinking water and an adequate food base are also important. The more complete the area and the better the shelter, the more suitable the area is for the Bukhara deers supply.
Together with the plant community, the degree of humidity of this center is also of great importance for the Bukhara deers. For example, the presence of aquifers affects not only their ability to drink water, but also their behavior.
According to our observations, the Bukhara deers are found in Karakalpakstan only in the mixed forests of the Lower Amu Darya State Natural Biosphere Reserve (former Badai Forest Nature Reserve) on both banks of the Amu Darya. They move to the Kyzylkum desert in the early spring, when farmers are thriving, and even go out into the woods in search of food at different times of the year, where they are fed by farmers.
The Bukhara deer was in danger of extinction in the late 1980s. In connection with this, the "Tradition of preserving the deer of Bukhara" was developed, which was agreed by all the leading experts of our country and the world. However, it was not possible to implement this tradition, and in the early 1990s the condition of the Bukhara deer reached catastrophic proportions. In the mid-1990s, the total number of Bukhara deers in Uzbekistan was around 300-350.
Currently, in Karakalpakstan, the Lower Amu Darya State Natural Biosphere Reserve (former Badai forest Nature Reserve, Tallyk and Zhumurtau Forests) is inhabited by the Bukhara deer. According to the 2015 census, their number reached 822. This is one third of the world's population of the Bukhara deer.


REFERENCES:

1. 
   Лим В. П., Мармазинская Н. В. Бухарский олень в Узбекистане — Ташкент: Chinor ENK, 2007. 111 с.
   
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   Лим В.П. Мусрепов.К. Бухарскии олён обживает тугайные леса низовев Амударии // Экологический вестник. Ташкент, 2007. 37-бет.
   
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   Лим В.П. о прошлом и современном распространении бухарского оленя в Каракалпакии //Вестник Каракалпакского филиала АН УзССР Нукус, 1985.
   
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   https://www.informea.org/en - Access information on Multilateral Environmental Agreements.
   

1 Лим В.П. Мусрепов.К. Бухарскии олён обживает тугайные леса низовев Амударии // Экологический вестник. Ташкент, 2007. 37-бет.