Farmers (rice)

Farmers (rice)

• Farmers (rice)

• Plantation workers (rubber, coffee)

• Herdsmen

• Hunters

• Snake handlers (snake charmers and in snake restaurants and traditional Chinese pharmacies)

• Fishermen and fish farmers

• Sea snake catchers (for sea snake skins, leather)

Many snake bites and even deaths from snakebite are not recorded.

• Many snake bites and even deaths from snakebite are not recorded.

• One reason is that many snake bite victims are treated not in hospitals but by traditional healers.

• India - No reliable national statistics are available.

• In 1981, a thousand deaths were reported in Maharashtra State. In the Burdwan district of West Bengal 29,489 people were bitten in one year with 1,301 deaths.

• It is estimated that between 35,000 and 50,000 people die of snake bite each year among India’s population of 980 million.

In the US: Snakebites frequently go unreported. The national average is approximately 4 bites per 100,000 persons.

• In the US: Snakebites frequently go unreported. The national average is approximately 4 bites per 100,000 persons.

• Internationally: No accurate international data exist. Most snakebites and deaths due to snakebites are not reported.

Worldwide, only about 15% of the more than 3000 species of snakes are considered dangerous to humans.

• Worldwide, only about 15% of the more than 3000 species of snakes are considered dangerous to humans.

• The family Viperidae is the largest family of venomous snakes, and members of this family can be found in Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas.

• The family Elapidae is the next largest family of venomous snakes.

There are two important groups (families) of venomous snakes in South East Asia

• There are two important groups (families) of venomous snakes in South East Asia

• Elapidae have short permanently erect fangs This family includes the cobras, king cobra, kraits, coral snakes and the sea snakes.

• The most important species, from a medical point of view include the following:

• Cobras: genus Naja

• N naja(spectaled cobra –all over in India )

• N kaouthia (monocled – West Bengal ,MP ,U.P, Orissa)

• N oxiana [Black cobra – northern states - patternless]

• N philippinensis

• N atra

• King cobra: Ophiophagus hannah

KRAITS (genus Bungarus)

• KRAITS (genus Bungarus)

• B caeruleus common krait [all over India ]

• - paired white bands & large hexagonal scales in top of the snakes

• B fasciatus banded krait [black & yellow band –W.B,M.P,A.P,BIHAR ,ORRISSA]

• B candidus Malayan krait

• B multicinctus Chinese krait

• Sea snakes (important genera include Enhydrina, Lapemis and Hydrophis)

• Blue spotted sea snake (Hydrophis cyanocinctus)

Have long fangs which are normally folded up against the upper jaw but, when the snake strikes, are erected .

• Have long fangs which are normally folded up against the upper jaw but, when the snake strikes, are erected .

• There are two subgroups, the typical vipers (Viperinae) and the pit vipers (Crotalinae).

• The Crotalinae have a special sense organ, the pit organ, to detect their warm-blooded prey. This is situated between the nostril and the eye

Medically important species in South East Asia

• Medically important species in South East Asia

• Russell’s vipers -Daboia russelii - [Black edged chain like marking on body &white triangular marking on the head – throughout India]

• Saw-scaled or carpet vipers - Echis carinatus and E sochureki

• [most parts of India except Kerala – Arrow shaped mark in head & hoop like markings in flanks ]

• Pit vipers

• calloselasma rhodostoma malayan pit viper

• Hypnale hypnale hump-nosed viper

• Green pit vipers or bamboo vipers (genus trimeresurus)

• T albolabris white-lipped green pit viper

• T gramineus indian bamboo viper

• T mucrosquamatus chinese habu

• T purpureomaculatus mangrove pit viper

• T stejnegeri chinese bamboo viper

Some harmless snakes have evolved to look almost identical to venomous ones.

• Some harmless snakes have evolved to look almost identical to venomous ones.

• 
  
  Kataloq: docs
  docs -> YakindoğU ÜNİversitesi DİŞhekiMLİĞİ faküLtesi periodontoloji anabiLİm dali
  docs -> Ön tanilar
  docs -> AZƏrbaycan respublikasinin naziRLƏr kabineti Qərar
  docs -> Ivyokorwa Nyamukuru mu Ngaburo, mw’Isuku, no mu Mwitwarariko mu Gihe c’Imbanyi Integuro y’Ivyigwa Agatabo ka 2 muri 5
  docs -> Login faq geydiyyatın 1-ci mərhələsi t ə L ə b olunan m ə lumat ı ə lav ə edin Bu asan və etibarl ıdır ! Adınız
  docs -> About usregistergo shoppingnew shipmentfaq
  docs -> Daşınma xərclərinin hesablanması
  docs -> İSTİfadə qaydalari
  docs -> Sıra № dsk-lar