FITZGERALD
BIOSPHERE
▪
Threatened Species
Profiles
FITZGERALD BIOSPHERE ▪ Threatened Species Profiles
CONTENTS
Fauna
Carnaby’s Black‐Cockatoo ▪ Calyptorhynchus latirostris
1
Western Bristlebird ▪ Dasyornis longirostris
2
Chuditch ▪ Dasyurus geoffroii
3
Malleefowl ▪ Leipoa ocellata
4
Numbat ▪ Myrmecobius fasciatus
5
Dibbler ▪ Parantechinus apicalis
6
Western Ground‐Parrot ▪ Pezoporus (wallicus) flaviventris
7
Red‐tailed Phascogale ▪ Phascogale calura
8
Heath Mouse ▪ Pseudomys shortridgei
9
Flora
Acacia rhamphophylla
10
Adenanthos dobagii
11
Adenanthos ellipticus
12
Anigozanthos bicolor (subsp. minor)
13
Beyeria cockertonii
14
Boronia clavata
15
Caladenia bryceana (subsp. bryceana)
16
Conostylis lepidospermoides
17
Coopernookia georgei
18
Daviesia megacalyx
19
Daviesia obovata
20
Eremophila denticulata (subsp. denticulata)
21
Eremophila subteretifolia
22
Eucalyptus burdettiana
23
Eucalyptus coronata
24
Eucalyptus nutans
25
Eucalyptus purpurata
26
Grevillea infundibularis
27
Hibbertia abyssa
28
Kunzea similis (subsp. mediterranea)
29
Kunzea similis (subsp. similis)
30
Lepidium aschersonii
31
Marianthus mollis
32
Myoporum cordifolium
33
Ricinocarpos trichophorus
34
Stylidium galioides
35
Thelymitra psammophila
36
Verticordia crebra
37
Verticordia helichrysantha
38
Verticordia pityrhops
39
Communities
Eucalyptus acies mallee‐heath
40
ABBREVIATIONS
DEC ▪ Western Australia Department of Environment and Conservation
IUCN ▪ International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources
Mt ▪ Mount
NP ▪ National Park
NR ▪ Nature Reserve
NSW ▪ New South Wales
NT ▪ Northern Territory
SA ▪ South Australia
spp. ▪ multiple species belong to single genus
subsp. ▪ subspecies
VIC ▪ Victoria
WA ▪ Western Australia
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
These threatened species profiles were prepared by Saul Cowen for DEC
South Coast Region. The following people assisted in the preparation of
these profiles:
Sarah Barrett ▪ DEC Threatened Flora Officer, South Coast Region
Sarah Comer ▪ DEC Regional Ecologist, South Coast Region
Janet Newell ▪ DEC Recovery Planner, South Coast Region
Deon Utber ▪ DEC (Acting) Regional Leader Nature Conservation, South
Coast Region
Grateful thanks is extended to all those who contributed photographs.
All photographs are copyright and may not be reproduced by a Third
Party without prior permission of the photographer or DEC (where
appropriate).
Species Profile ▪
FITZGERALD BIOSPHERE PLAN
1
Carnaby’s Black‐Cockatoo ▪ Calyptorhynchus latirostris
(Psittacidae)
(White‐tailed or Short‐billed Black‐Cockatoo)
Conservation Status
▪
IUCN Red List 2010: Endangered
▪
Environment Protection & Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999: Endangered
▪
Western Australian Wildlife
Conservation Act 1950: Endangered
Photo:
© Raana Scott
Description
Large black cockatoo (53‐58cm), with
white cheek patch and white interior to
tail feathers. Males distinguishable by
black (rather than grey) bill and red (not
grey) eye‐ring. Heavy bill structure
differs slightly from very similar
Baudin’s Black‐Cockatoo (C. baudinii) in
that the upper mandible is shorter but
this can be difficult to observe in the
field. Gregarious and outside the
breeding season forms large flocks.
Distribution and Habitat
Occurs patchily throughout much of the
south‐west land division, from the
Murchison River in the north‐west to
the Esperance region in the south‐east.
Several
nesting
sites
known
with
Fitzgerald Biosphere.
Mainly occurs in uncleared or remnant
eucalypt woodland or heath. Outside the
breeding season, may occur in Banksia
woodland, coastal heathland as well as
pine (Pinus spp.) plantations. Feeding
habitat needs to be within 20km of
nesting site for successful breeding to
occur. Larger eucalypts (e.g. Marri
(Corymbia callophylla); Karri (Eucalyptus
diversicolor)) are believed to be less
important but may frequently be seen in
these habitats.
Biology and Ecology
Generalist seed‐eaters, feeding on a wide
range of both native and introduced flora.
Usually arboreal but will occasionally feed
on the ground. Will also feed on the
nectar of native Proteaceae, as well as
extracting insect larvae from the fruits
and flowers of Banksia species.
Socially monogamous and pairs retain
strong pair bonds for the duration of their
reproductive lives (>4‐5yrs for females). A
hollow‐nester, requiring suitably sized
hollows for breeding.
Threats
Loss of both breeding and feeding habitat;
illegal harvesting of nestlings for cage‐bird
trade; competition for nesting hollows
with other cockatoo species and feral
Honeybees (Apis mellifera).
References
BirdLife International (2009) Species factsheet: Calyptorhynchus latirostris. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on
16/2/2010
Cale, B. (2003) Carnaby’s Black‐Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus latirostris) Recovery Plan 2002‐2012 for Carnaby’s Black‐
Cockatoo Recovery Team. Department of Conservation and Land Management, Perth, Western Australia.
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (2010) Calyptorhynchus latirostris in Species Profile and
Threats Database, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra.
http://www.environment.gov.au/sprat.‐ Accessed 23/2/2010
Species Profile ▪
FITZGERALD BIOSPHERE PLAN
2
Western Bristlebird ▪ Dasyornis longirostris
(Dasyornidae)
Conservation Status
▪
IUCN Red List 2010: Vulnerable
▪
Environment Protection & Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999: Vulnerable
▪
Western Australian Wildlife
Conservation Act 1950: Vulnerable
Photo:
© Ray Smith
Description
A medium‐sized (c.17cm) ground‐dwelling
bird with short wings and long, graduated
tail. Colouration is generally rufous‐
brown with fine dark‐brown scalloping.
The underparts brownish‐grey. An elusive
species and often difficult to observe.
Distribution and Habitat
Endemic to south‐west WA and occurs in
two disjunct areas: from Two Peoples’
Bay NR to Cheynes Beach and in the
Fitzgerald River NP as far east as East Mt
Barren. Not recorded between these
populations,
which
are
themselves
fragmented.
Favours diverse areas of closed coastal
heathland, usually with abundant sedges
and low eucalypt thickets. May reoccupy
burnt areas 2‐3 yrs post‐fire but in drier
areas it may take 11‐14 yrs.
Biology and Ecology
Ground‐foraging
species
with
diet
consisting
mainly
of
seeds
and
invertebrates. Weak flier and generally
terrestrial but will occasionally make
short flights.
Song is distinctive and antiphonal, i.e.
‘male’ call is answered by ‘female’ call.
Little is known of breeding biology but
pairs appear to hold territories together.
Threats
Stochastic events especially extensive or
high frequency wildfires; reduction of
floristic diversity through ‘dieback’ caused
by Phytophthora cinnamomi pathogen;
predation
by
feral
predators;
fragmentation of existing habitat.
References
BirdLife International (2009) Species factsheet: Dasyornis longirostris. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on
23/2/2010
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (2010) Dasyornis longirostris in Species Profile and Threats
Database, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra.
http://www.environment.gov.au/sprat ‐ Accessed 23/2/2010
Gilfillan, S., Comer, S., Burbidge, A., Blyth, J. & Danks, A. (2009) South Coast Threatened Birds Recovery Plan 2009‐2018 for
South Coast Threatened Birds Recovery Team. Department of Environment and Conservation, Perth, Western
Australia. (Unpublished)
Species Profile ▪
FITZGERALD BIOSPHERE PLAN
3
Chuditch ▪ Dasyurus geoffroii
(Dasyuridae)
(Western Quoll)
Conservation Status
▪
IUCN Red List 2010: Near Threatened
▪
Environment Protection & Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999: Vulnerable
▪
Western Australian Wildlife
Conservation Act 1950: Vulnerable
Photo:
© Cameron Tiller (DEC)
Description
Australia’s largest carnivorous marsupial,
with mature adults attaining the size of a
small domestic cat and weighing up to
1.3kg. Pelage reddish‐brown with white
spots. Long tail graduates to black at
distal end.
Distribution and Habitat
Formerly occupied up to 70% of
Australian mainland but since mid‐20
th
century has been confined to south‐
western WA. Has been translocated to
various sites between Cape Arid and
Kalbarri NPs and ranges widely so exact
distribution difficult to assess. However,
appears to occur patchily throughout the
south‐west land division and appears to
utilise a wide range of habitats from
sclerophyll woodlands to beaches and
deserts. Riparian systems may hold
higher than normal densities.
Biology and Ecology
Opportunistic omnivore and consumes
large invertebrates as well as small birds,
mammals and reptiles. Plant material
(e.g. Zamia (Macrozamia riedlei) seed
pulp) occasionally eaten and may also
scavenge from humans. Mainly terrestrial
and nocturnal but will occasionally climb
trees and forage diurnally.
Males and females reach sexual maturity
in first year and rarely live longer than
four years. Both sexes are promiscuous.
Young spent first 2 months in pouch, after
which they reside in a den.
Threats
Loss/alteration of habitat including den
sites (e.g. hollow logs); high wildfire
frequency;
competition
with
and
predation by feral predators; conflict with
humans (e.g. illegal hunting, poisoning
etc).
References
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (2010) Dasyurus geoffroii in Species Profile and Threats
Database, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra.
http://www.environment.gov.au/sprat.‐ Accessed 23/2/2010
Morris, K.., Burbidge, A. & Hamilton, S. (2008) Dasyurus geoffroii. IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version
2009.2. http://www.iucnredlist.org ‐ Accessed 23/2/2010.
Orell, P. & Morris, K. (1994) Chuditch Recovery Plan (1992‐2001) for Chuditch Recovery Team. Department of
Conservation and Land Management, Perth, Western Australia.
Species Profile ▪
FITZGERALD BIOSPHERE PLAN
4
Malleefowl ▪ Leipoa ocellata
(Megapodiidae)
Conservation Status
▪
IUCN Red List 2010: Vulnerable
▪
Environment Protection & Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999: Vulnerable
▪
Western Australian Wildlife
Conservation Act 1950: Vulnerable
Photo:
© Alan Danks
Description
Large, ground‐dwelling bird up to 60cm
long and 2.5kg in weight. Adult birds
have grey necks with black medial stripe
and upperparts are chestnut brown with
mottled
brown,
black
and
white
ocellations on the wings.
Distribution and Habitat
In Australia, occurs in a wide distribution
(approximately 900,000 km²) from the
Great Dividing Range in the east to Shark
Bay in the west. In WA, occurs south‐
west of a line from Carnarvon to Eyre Bird
Observatory, often patchily especially in
remnant bush in the Wheatbelt. Absent
from far south‐west.
In
WA,
occurs
mainly
in
arid
mallee/shrubland habitats on sandy soils.
Abundant leaf‐litter is key for the
construction of mounds for reproduction.
Biology and Ecology
Generalist forager and will consume
invertebrates, a variety of plant material
(especially seeds) as well as fungi but may
also utilise artificial sources of food (e.g.
spilt grain). Terrestrial and usually
forages around dawn and dusk.
A mound‐nester and builds mounds 4‐5m
in diameter and 1m high. Pairs may raise
8‐10 chicks per year. Sexually mature at
4‐5 yrs and the average lifespan may be
c.15 yrs.
Threats
Loss of habitat and fragmentation
through land clearance; predation by feral
predators; large‐scale or high frequency
of wildfire; competition with grazing
herbivores;
increased
risk
of
predation/mortality from foraging from
artificial food sources (e.g. spilt grain
along roadsides).
References
BirdLife International (2009) Species factsheet: Leipoa ocellata. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 23/2/2010
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (2010) Leipoa ocellata in Species Profile and Threats
Database, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra. Available from:
http://www.environment.gov.au/sprat.‐ Accessed 23/2/2010
Short, J. & Parson, J. (2008) Malleefowl Conservation – informed and integrated community action. A final report to WWF
Australia and Avon Catchment Council.
Species Profile ▪
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