Forest Resources Assessment Programme Working Paper 78/e rome
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National Classes Estimation and Forecasting (Rs. Million) NWFP 1990 2000 2005 Sal Seed 1.7 28.4 50.6 Bidi 1919.3 4768.8 4873.7 Drug and Spices 1.0 19.4 36.2 Tannins 9.8 55.9 55.9 Grass and Fodder 9.4 65.6 65.6 Lac 0.1 1.6 2.9 Rattan 0.6 532.1 532.1 Bamboo 623.2 1082.4 1311.9 Other 172.5 469.9 863.4 TOTAL 2737.5 7024.0 7792.2 G. Reclassification into FRA 2005 Classes The following table indicates correspondence between national categories and FRA 2005 classes. National Class Percentage a National class that falls in a FRA class of NWFP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sal Seed 100 Bidi leave 100 Cane 100 Resin 100 Gum 100 Lac 100 Drug& Spice 100 Grass & Fodder 100 Tanning Material 100 Bamboo 100 Others 100 Notes: Following are the names of NWFP (FRA class) against the ID No. of each of the above column. ID No Name of Product ID No Name of Product 1 Food 6 Dying and Tanning & Construction material 2 Fodder 7 Utensils, Handicrafts 3 . Medicine 8 Ornamental 4 4. Medicinal Plants 9 Exudates 5 5. Perfumes 10 Others 49 (114) H. National Information for FRA 2005 Global Tables Following table provides information on revenue from NWFP organised by global FRA classes. Table: Input to Global Reporting Table 14 FRA Class Value of NWFP Removal in 000 MT 1990 2000 2005 1 1.7 28.4 50.6 2 9.4 65.6 65.6 3 1.0 19.4 36.2 4 5 6 9.8 55.9 55.9 7 623.8 1614.5 1844.0 8 9 10* 2091.9 5240.3 5740.0 Total 2737.5 7024.0 7792.2 Notes to the table 1. Revenue from Gum (FRA class 9) is not available separately. It may be included in FRA Class 10. 2. It not known whether “taxes are included in the above data sets. 3. Information the point (forest or market etc.) at which information (value) is based is not known 50 (114) T15. Sites for Social Functions in Forests and Other Wooded lands The information on status and trends on allocation (management) and utility of sites in “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land” for addressing social function helps to understand the state and changes in the bondage between the society and the Forest. It also measures the extent to which forest management recognizes and respects social needs. A. Global Classification and Definitions (FRA 2005) Sites for Social Functions A site or facility designated and or managed for cultural, social (recreation and tourism) and spiritual needs in “Forest” and Other Wooded Land”. Source: FAO. 2004. Terms and Definition FRA-2005. FRA Working paper 73. Rome B. National Data Sources The two variables (number of sites and visitors) related to this table directly link societies with forests, help to increase environment understanding and appreciation and enhance options for support for conservation. However, information on these variables is only available for recreation related to protected areas in the forests. The data for this table has been taken mainly from following sources. Information Data Sources Number of sites (Protected Areas) National Wildlife Database at Wild Life Institute of India, Dehradun, India. UNEP 1993. United Nations List of National Parks and Protected Areas: India. 1993. WCMC Protected Areas Data Unit.. Government of India. 2003. Annual Report 2002-2003, Ministry Of Environment and Forests, Government of India, New Delhi, India. Goodwin, H. J., Kent, I.J., Parker, K. T. & Walpole, M. J. 1997. Tourism, Conservation and Sustainable Development: Four Volumes, April 1997 Number of recreational visitors to forest related sites Sharma, S. et al. 2002. Management Plan of Keoladeo National Park, Forest Department, Govt. of Rajasthan. C. National Classification and Definitions There is no national standard definition or classification for visits to social sites including recreation service sites. Following provides definition of recreation services from World Tourism Organization. Term Definition Recreation Services Tourism that involves travelling to relatively undisturbed areas with the specified object of studying, admiring and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants and animals, as well as any existing cultural aspects (both of the past and present) found in the area. (World Tourism Organization). 51 (114) D. National Data Information on protected areas in India is kept by Wild Life Institute of India in its National Wildlife Database. Following information is available for the period in question. Information 1990 2000 2002 Total Number of Protected Areas 363 573 589 About 4.19 percent of the foreign visitors plan to go forest related sites in India and an additional 3.7 percent visitors plan to visit landscape within and outside forests. The long term data at two National Parks indicates that number of domestic tourist is roughly more than double the foreign tourist. Assuming on conservative side that number of domestic visitors is 2 times that of foreign visitors, it can be assumed that total number of visitors to forest related sites is more than 12 percent (3 times 4.19 percent) of total foreign tourists. Following table presents this information. Variables Number of Visitors to Forest related Sites (in 000) Year 1980 1990 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Number of Visitors 150 205 275 285 283 298 318 304 E. Calibration Not considered necessary. F. Estimation and Forecasting Estimation is not necessary as national data is available for 1990 and 2000. Number of Protected Areas (National Parks and Sanctuaries) for 2005 has been assumed to be same as in 2002. A regression relationship was used to forecast number of probable visitors in 2005. Variables Number of Visitors to Forest related Sites (in 000) Year 1990 2000 2005 Number of Sites (PAs) 0.363 0.573 0.589 Number of Visitors 0.205 0.318 0.376 G. Reclassification into FRA 2005 Classes Not needed as information is available on the two variables H. National Information for FRA 2005 Global Tables Table: Input to Global Reporting Tables Variables Number of Visitors to Forest related Sites (in 000) Year 1990 2000 2005 Number of Sites (PAs) 0.363 0.573 0.589 Number of Visitors 205 318 376 Note.This includes both sites those that are connected by roads and those that are not connected by roads 52 (114) T16. Employment in Forest and Other Wooded lands The information on employment is useful in identifying trends, especially in the context of public expectations, government policies, industry developments and socio-economic dependence. A. Global Classification and Definitions Primary Employment The employment provided within the “Forest and “Other Wooded Land” by activities relating to primary (raw) production of goods, provision of services, and other primary activities. Primary Activities The forestry activities within the “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”. FRA 2005 classifies forestry activities into three broad classes; activities relating to “Wood Removal”, “Non Wood Forest Product Removal” and “Other Primary Activities”. Other Primary Activities The forestry activities, within the “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”, other than those related to “Wood Removal” (including “wood fuel” or “fuelwood” removal) and removal of “NWFP”. Source: FAO. 2004. Terms and Definition FRA-2005. FRA Working paper 73. Rome B. National Data Sources The employment by production and other activities in forest is not reported at the national level. To develop this information three sets of data sources have been used. First is a study by World Bank to provide employment by production and other activities in forests in 1993 to derive employment per unit (cubic meter of 000 ha) of activity. The second is information on level of production from the Reporting Table 11. Third information is on level of plantation activity is from Forestry Statistics. − World Bank, 2000. India: Alleviating Poverty through Employment. The World Bank. 2000. − Forestry Statistics, India, 1988-95. 1997. Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, Uttaranchal, India. − Forestry Statistics, India, 1996. 1998. Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, Uttaranchal, India. − Forestry Statistics, India, 2000. 2002.Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, Uttaranchal, India. 53 (114) C. National Classification and Definitions Principal “Usual Status” or Principal Activity The activity on which the person spent relatively more time preceding 365 days. Employed in Principal Activity or Usual Status A person is “working or employed” if he or she was engaged for a relatively longer time during the past year in one or more work activities (economic activities). Unemployed in Principal Activity or Usual Status A person is “seeking or available for work or unemployed” if he or she was not working but was seeking or was available for work for a relatively longer time during the past year. Out of Labour Force (Primary Activities) A person is “out of labour force” if he or she was engaged in non-economic activities for a relatively longer time of the reference year. Principal Status “Worker” or “Employed A person categorised as “worker” or “employed” on the basis of principal status is as principal status “worker” or “employed”. Explanation: Unpaid helpers, who assist in operation of an economic activity in household farm or non farm activities are also considered as workers. It does not include persons engaged in collection of firewood as a non-economic activity. Subsidiary Status “Worker” or “Employed” A person categorised as non worker (unemployed or “out of labour force)”who pursued some economic activity in a subsidiary capacity. Explanation: Unpaid helpers, who assist in operation of an economic activity in household farm or non farm activities are also considered as workers. It does not include persons engaged in collection of firewood as a non-economic activity. Total Workers Sum of Principal Status Workers and Subsidiary Status workers under “Usual Status” Classification. Economic Activity It includes (a) all market activities performed for pay or profit that result in production of goods and services for exchange, and (b) selected non market activities like agriculture sector activities that result in production (including gathering of uncultivated crops, forestry, collection of firewood, hunting, fishing etc.) of agriculture produce fro consumption; activities relating to the production of fixed assets for personal use (including houses, roads, wells, machinery, tools etc. for household enterprise and construction of private or community facilities free of charge) D. National Data Following table provides information on number of principal and Subsidiary workers in 1993 in selected categories (World Bank, 2000). Industry Number in 1993 (in millions) Logging 0.251 Firewood/fuelwood by exploitation of forest 0.049 Gathering of fodder from forests 0.014 Uncultivated materials in forests 0.300 Hunting, trapping, and game propogation 0.067 Medicinal plants and other Agricultural production 0.193 Plantations 4.703 Planting, replanting and conservation of forests 0.532 Forest services 0.344 Source: Census 91 and N.S.S. 93/94 as explained in the World Bank report. 54 (114) Note: 1. The total estimated annual employment provided by plantations, that includes plantations of non forest species and on Other land with or without trees, is 94.06 million. It is assumed that only fifty percent is related to forests and Other Wooded lands with both sharing equal amounts. The assumption of equal division is made because there is no basis to have some other division. 2. The total estimated annual employment provided by medicinal plants and other agricultural production is 3.85 million. It includes non forest related production also. . It is assumed that only fifty percent is related to forests and Other Wooded lands with both sharing equal amounts. The assumption of equal division is made because there is no basis to have some other division. Following table presents actual data (1990, 1993 and 1997) and estimated data (2000 and 2005) on plantations from Forestry Statistics (ICFRE, 2002). Year 1993 1990 1997 2000 2005 Million ha 0.621 0.618 0.616 0.612 0.61 E. Calibration Figure published by the World Bank from the study “India Alleviating Poverty through Employment, World Bank 2000” are taken as standard verified figures and there is no need for any calibration. F. Estimation and Forecasting The interpolation and extrapolations to derive estimates for reference periods are based on the temporal trends of respective groups. The employment from logging follows the trend of wood production (Reporting Table No. 11). The employment from fuelwood, fodder, uncultivated material, hunting and NWFP follows the trend of fuelwood production (Reporting Table 11). The employment from other activities (plantation and planting etc.) follows the trend of forest plantations. For this purpose, first the employment by level of activity (per million cubic meter or per million ha of plantation) was calculated based on the level of activities in 1993. Then these figures were multiplied with level of production or activity in 1990, 2000, 2005 to estimate or forecast employment figures. Employment in million persons Employment Category (1990) (2000) (2005) Logging 0.33 0.14 0.08 Firewood/fuelwood by exploitation of forest 0.08 0.07 0.04 Gathering of fodder from forests 0.02 0.02 0.01 Uncultivated materials in forests 0.49 0.44 0.25 Hunting, trapping, and game propogation 0.11 0.10 0.06 Medicinal plants and other Agricultural production 0.31 0.28 0.16 Plantations 4.68 4.63 4.62 Planting, replanting and conservation of forests 0.53 0.52 0.52 Forest services 0.34 0.34 0.34 Total 6.89 6.55 6.08 55 (114) G. Reclassification into FRA 2005 Classes Table: Reclassification (Percentage allocation) into FRA 2005 classes Percentage of a National Class belonging to a FRA Class National Class of of employment Wood Removal NWFP Removal Other Activity Combinati on Total Logging 100 0 0 0 100 Firewood/fuelwood by exploitation of forest 100 0 0 0 100 Gathering of fodder from forests 0 100 0 0 100 Uncultivated materials in forests 0 100 0 0 100 Hunting, trapping, and game propagation 0 100 0 0 100 Medicinal plants and other Agricultural production 0 100 0 0 100 Plantations 0 0 100 0 100 Planting, replanting and conservation of forests 0 0 100 0 100 Forest services 0 0 0 100 100 H. National Information for FRA 2005 Global Tables The table presents national information as an input to the Global Reporting Table. The national estimates have been classified and grouped into global categories by using the classification table. Table: Input to Global Reporting Tables Category of Employment Primary Activities Employment in Forests and Other Wooded Land (millions person years) 1990 2000 2005 A. Forest Workers Wood Removal 0.408 0.211 0.119 NWFP Removal 0.932 0.840 0.474 Other Primary Activities 5.209 5.159 5.142 Total 6.549 6.210 5.735 B. Regular Staff All above Activities 0.344 0.344 0.344 Grand Total 6.893 6.500 6.229 56 (114) 3. Report by Thematic Areas This country report by the six “Criteria” or “ Thematic Areas” (after the recommendations of the International Conference on Criteria and Indicator, held in Guatemala in February 2003) is expected to provide comprehensive input for development of effective national policy and strategies to sustain forest resources and to maximize their social, economic and ecological benefits. It provides the umbilical link to review the sustainability of forest resources. This report is organized by the following six of the seven Thematic Areas (Criteria) common across the nine regional processes on Criteria and Indicators (Govil, 2002). 1) Extent of forest resources and Contribution to the Global carbon cycle, 2) Forest ecosystem heath and vitality, 3) Biological diversity, 4) Productive functions, 5) Protective functions 6) Social and Economic functions. 3.1 Extent of Forests Resources and Contribution to Global Carbon Cycle This section is divided in two sub-sections, the first dealing with the extent of forest resources and the second dealing with the contribution of forests to the Global Carbon Cycle. 3.1.1 Extent of Forests Resources This subsection provides information on the method and approach chosen to identify and asses the complementary national variables and then the national data and its assessment. 3.1.1.1 Method and Approach The for identification and assessment of variables, India through FSI used the “Group Convergence Method” (Govil, 2002). Two workshops were organized one for briefing and explaining and second for implementation of Group Convergence Method to arrive the finalist of identified variables. Temporal trends were developed and GCM was used to assess the state and change in these variables with respect to sustainability of forest resources. 3.1.1.2 Relevant Variables Following national variables in addition to the global variable “Forest Cover” have been identified as complementary variables that are essential to explain the state of “Extent of Forest Resources” in India and for which some information was available. 57 (114) a. Area of Recorded Forest b. Proportion of Dense to Open Forest Cover c. Area of Forest diverted for Non-Forest Purposes d. Extent of Trees Outside Forests (TOF) e. Area of Forest under Management Plans Kataloq: forestry forestry -> Evaluación de los recursos Informe nacional 161 forestales mundiales 2005 forestry -> Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 Country Report 178 Rome, 2005 forestry -> Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 Country Report 203 Rome, 2005 forestry -> Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 Country Report 186 Rome, 2005 forestry -> Evaluación de los recursos Informe nacional 174 forestales mundiales 2005 forestry -> Workshop Proceedings: Revision of the National List of Protected Trees as per Section 12, National Forests Act of 1998 forestry -> Melliferous plants for Cameroon Highlands and Adamaoua Plateau honey forestry -> Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 Country Report 123 Rome, 2005 forestry -> Evaluación de los recursos Informe nacional 189 forestales mundiales 2005 forestry -> Evaluación de los recursos Informe nacional 195 forestales mundiales 2005 Yüklə 486,11 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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